Second-order Boltzmann equation: gauge dependence and gauge invariance

DOI10.1088/0264-9381/30/16/165008MaRDI QIDQ2851397zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Atsushi Naruko, Cyril Pitrou, Kazuya Koyama, Misao Sasaki

Publication date 10 October 2013

Published in Classical and Quantum Gravity (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1304.6929

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Equations of motion in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C10) Rarefied gas flows, Boltzmann equation in fluid mechanics (76P05) Approximation procedures, weak fields in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C25) Relativistic cosmology (83F05)

Abstract: In the context of cosmological perturbation theory, we derive the second order Boltzmann equation describing the evolution of the distribution function of radiation without a specific gauge choice. The essential steps in deriving the Boltzmann equation are revisited and extended given this more general framework: i) the polarisation of light is incorporated in this formalism by using a tensor-valued distribution function; ii) the importance of a choice of the tetrad field to define the local inertial frame in the description of the distribution function is emphasized; iii) we perform a separation between temperature and spectral distortion, both for the intensity and for polarisation for the first time; iv) the gauge dependence of all perturbed quantities that enter the Boltzmann equation is derived, and this enables us to check the correctness of the perturbed Boltzmann equation by explicitly showing its gauge-invariance for both intensity and polarization. We finally discuss several implications of the gauge dependence for the observed temperature.

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• Parameterization of temperature and spectral distortions in future CMB experiments
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• Observables for the effect of gravity on electromagnetic polarization

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