Second-order Boltzmann equation: gauge dependence and gauge invariance

DOI10.1088/0264-9381/30/16/165008zbMATH Open1273.83194arXiv1304.6929OpenAlexW3104304748MaRDI QIDQ2851397FDOQ2851397

Authors: Atsushi Naruko, Cyril Pitrou, Kazuya Koyama, Misao Sasaki 

Publication date: 10 October 2013

Published in: Classical and Quantum Gravity (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In the context of cosmological perturbation theory, we derive the second order Boltzmann equation describing the evolution of the distribution function of radiation without a specific gauge choice. The essential steps in deriving the Boltzmann equation are revisited and extended given this more general framework: i) the polarisation of light is incorporated in this formalism by using a tensor-valued distribution function; ii) the importance of a choice of the tetrad field to define the local inertial frame in the description of the distribution function is emphasized; iii) we perform a separation between temperature and spectral distortion, both for the intensity and for polarisation for the first time; iv) the gauge dependence of all perturbed quantities that enter the Boltzmann equation is derived, and this enables us to check the correctness of the perturbed Boltzmann equation by explicitly showing its gauge-invariance for both intensity and polarization. We finally discuss several implications of the gauge dependence for the observed temperature.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1304.6929

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Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Equations of motion in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C10) Rarefied gas flows, Boltzmann equation in fluid mechanics (76P05) Approximation procedures, weak fields in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C25) Relativistic cosmology (83F05)

Cited In (8)

• CMB spectral distortions as solutions to the Boltzmann equations
• Gauge-invariant Boltzmann equation and the fluid limit
• A new solution for the observed isotropic cosmic birefringence angle and its implications for the anisotropic counterpart through a Boltzmann approach
• Secondary isocurvature perturbations from acoustic reheating
• The radiative transfer for polarized radiation at second order in cosmological perturbations
• Parameterization of temperature and spectral distortions in future CMB experiments
• Unified approach to secondary effects on the CMB B-mode polarization
• Observables for the effect of gravity on electromagnetic polarization

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