Every odd number greater than 1 is the sum of at most five primes

DOI10.1090/S0025-5718-2013-02733-0MaRDI QIDQ2871196zbMATH OpenWikidataFDO

Authors Terence Tao

Publication date 22 January 2014

Published in Mathematics of Computation (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1201.6656

zbMATH Keywords

Goldbach's problemexplicit bounds for exponential sums

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Estimates on exponential sums (11L07) Sums over primes (11L20) Goldbach-type theorems; other additive questions involving primes (11P32) Applications of the Hardy-Littlewood method (11P55) Applications of sieve methods (11N36)

Abstract: We prove that every odd number $N$ greater than 1 can be expressed as the sum of at most five primes, improving the result of Ramar'e that every even natural number can be expressed as the sum of at most six primes. We follow the circle method of Hardy-Littlewood and Vinogradov, together with Vaughan's identity; our additional techniques, which may be of interest for other Goldbach-type problems, include the use of smoothed exponential sums and optimisation of the Vaughan identity parameters to save or reduce some logarithmic losses, the use of multiple scales following some ideas of Bourgain, and the use of Montgomery's uncertainty principle and the large sieve to improve the $L^2$ estimates on major arcs. Our argument relies on some previous numerical work, namely the verification of Richstein of the even Goldbach conjecture up to $4imes10^{14}$, and the verification of van de Lune and (independently) of Wedeniwski of the Riemann hypothesis up to height $3.29imes10^9$.

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Cited in

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• ZetaGrid

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