The categorification of the Kauffman bracket skein module of RP^3

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Publication:2872007



Abstract: Khovanov homology, an invariant of links in mathbbR3, is a graded homology theory that categorifies the Jones polynomial in the sense that the graded Euler characteristic of the homology is the Jones polynomial. Asaeda, Przytycki and Sikora generalized this construction by defining a double graded homology theory that categorifies the Kauffman bracket skein module of links in I-bundles over surfaces, except for the surface mathbbRP2, where the construction fails due to strange behaviour of links when projected to the non-orientable surface mathbbRP2. This paper categorifies the missing case of the twisted I-bundle over mathbbRP2, mathbbRP2 widetilde{ imes} I approx pt setminus {ast}$, by redefining the differential in the Khovanov chain complex in a suitable manner.


In 2004, Asaeda, Przytycki and Sikora [\textit{M. M. Asaeda} et al., Algebr. Geom. Topol. 4, 1177-1210 (2004; Zbl 1070.57008)] constructed a categorification of the Kauffman bracket skein module of I-bundles over surfaces by generalizing Khovanov's categorification. However, in the case where the base surface is \(\mathbb{R}P^{2}\) (and the coefficient ring is not \(\mathbb{F}_{2}\)), their construction fails due to the strange behavior called ``the \(1\to 1\) bifurcations of links projected to \(\mathbb{R}P^{2}\). In the paper under review, the author categorifies the Kauffman bracket skein module of the twisted I-bundle over \(\mathbb{R}P^{2}\), that is \(\mathbb{R}P^{3}\setminus {*}\). The main idea is based on utilizing the wedge product instead of the tensor product when we construct chain complexes. We can deal with the problem of the \(1\to 1\) bifurcations by controlling the signs. The idea is inspired by Manturov's work, who defined Khovanov homology for virtual links with arbitrary coefficients.NEWLINENEWLINEIn Section~\(2\), the author explains the definition of the Kauffman bracket skein module of \(\mathbb{R}P^{3}\) in a careful manner.NEWLINENEWLINEIn Sections~\(3\), \(4\) and \(5\), we see the definition of the chain groups and the differentials of the categorification.NEWLINENEWLINESection~\(6\) is devoted to the proof of the invariance.NEWLINENEWLINEWhen we extend Khovanov homology to a link homology for links in general 3-manifolds or link diagrams on general surfaces, we often encounter the problem of the \(1\to 1\) bifurcations. Although we can often avoid the problem by restricting the coefficient ring to \(\mathbb{F}_{2}\), we lose a lot of information. The reviewer thinks that the author's and Manturov's ideas are beneficial to manage the problem of \(1\to 1\) bifurcations.











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