Classification of second-order linear differential equations and an application to singular elliptic eigenvalue problems

Oscillation theory, zeros, disconjugacy and comparison theory for ordinary differential equations (34C10) Oscillation, zeros of solutions, mean value theorems, etc. in context of PDEs (35B05)

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The author studies the Sturm-Liouville equation NEWLINE\[NEWLINEu+\lambda p(t) u=0,\tag{1}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(\lambda>0\) is a parameter, with attention to the case when (1) is conditionally oscillatory, i.e., there exists a \(\bar\lambda>0\) such that (1) is nonoscillatory for \(0<\lambda<\bar \lambda\) and oscillatory for \(\lambda>\bar \lambda\). Results are obtained for the asymptotic behavior and the number of zeros of the solutions. In particular, criteria are established for the oscillation/nonoscillation of the equation when \(\lambda=\bar \lambda\). These results are also applied to singular elliptic eigenvalue problems on a ball in \({\mathbb{R}}^n\). This work provides an interesting development of the classical oscillation theory for second-order linear differential equations.

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