Classification of holomorphic foliations on Hopf manifolds

Complex vector fields, holomorphic foliations, (mathbb{C})-actions (32M25) Singularities of holomorphic vector fields and foliations (32S65) Dynamical aspects of holomorphic foliations and vector fields (37F75)

Abstract: We classify nonsingular holomorphic foliations of dimension and codimension one on certain Hopf manifolds. More general, we prove that all nonsingular codimension one distributions on intermediary or generic Hopf manifolds are integrable and has holomorphic integral first. Also, we prove some results about singular holomorphic distributions on Hopf manifolds.

Review text

The paper deals with the classification of nonsingular holomorphic foliations of dimension and codimension one on Hopf manifolds. A Hopf manifold is a quotient \(W/\langle f\rangle\), where \(W=\mathbb{C}^n\setminus\{0\}\), \(n\geq2\) and \(f\) is a diagonal contraction, that is \(f(z)=(\mu_1z_1,\dots,\mu_n z_n)\) with \(0<|\mu_j|<1\) for all \(j=1,\dots ,n\). The authors consider three kinds of Hopf manifolds. A Hopf manifold \(X\) is called: {\parindent=0.6cm \begin{itemize}\item[--] \textit{classical} if \(\mu=\mu_1=\cdots=\mu_n\); \item[--] \textit{generic} if \(0<|\mu_1|\leq\cdots\leq |\mu_n|<1\) and there is no non-trivial relation between the \(\mu_j\)'s of the form \[ \prod_{i\in A} \mu_i^{r_i} = \prod_{j\in B} \mu_j^{r_j}, \quad r_i,r_j\in\mathbb{N}, \quad A\cap B= \emptyset,\quad A\cup B = \{1,\dots, n\}; \] \item[--] \textit{intermediary} if \(\mu_1=\mu_2=\cdots=\mu_r\), with \(2\leq r\leq n-1\) and there is no non-trivial relation between the \(\mu_j\)'s of the form \[ \prod_{i\in A} \mu_i^{r_i} = \prod_{j\in B} \mu_j^{r_j}, \quad r_i,r_j\in\mathbb{N}, \quad A\cap B= \emptyset,\quad A\cup B = \{1, r+1,\dots, n\}. \] \end{itemize}} A line bundle \(L\) on \(X\) is the quotient of \(W\times \mathbb{C}\) by the operation of a representation of the fundamental group of \(X\), \(\rho_L:\pi_1(X)\simeq \mathbb{Z}\to \mathrm{GL}(1,\mathbb{C})=\mathbb{C}^*\) of the form \(W\times \mathbb{C}\to W\times \mathbb{C}\) \[ (x,v)\mapsto (f(x), \rho_L(\gamma)(v)). \] The bundle induced by the representation \(\rho_L(\gamma)\) with \(b=\rho_L(\gamma)(1)\) is denoted by \(L_b\). The first main result of the paper is the following. Theorem 1.2. Let \(X\) be a Hopf manifold, \(\dim X\geq 3\), and \(\mathcal{F}\) be a nonsingular one-dimensional holomorphic foliation in \(X\) given by a morphism \(T_\mathcal{F}=L_b\to T_X\). Then the following holds: {\parindent=0.6cm \begin{itemize}\item[--] If \(X\) is classical, then \(b=\mu^{-m}\) with \(m\in\mathbb{N}\), \(m\geq1\). The foliation \(\mathcal{F}\) is induced by a polynomial vector field: \[ g_1\frac{\partial}{\partial z_1} +\cdots+g_n\frac{\partial}{\partial z_n}, \] where the \(g_i\) are homogeneous polynomials of the same degree \(m+1\) with \(\{g_1=\cdots=g_n=0\}=\{0\}\). \item[--] If \(X\) is generic, then \(b\in\{\mu_1,\dots,\mu_n\}\). The foliation \(\mathcal{F}\) is induced by a constant vector field. \item[--] If \(X\) is intermediary, then \(b\in\{1,\mu_1,\mu_{r+1},\dots,\mu_n\}\). In this case: {\parindent=1cm \begin{itemize}\item[{\(\bullet\)}] if \(T^*_\mathcal{F} = L_1\), the foliation \(\mathcal{F}\) is induced by the vector field \(\sum_{j=1}^r g_j(z_1,\dots,z_r)\frac{\partial}{\partial z_j} + \sum_{k=r+1}^n c^k z_k\frac{\partial}{\partial z_k}\), \item[{\(\bullet\)}] if \(T^*_\mathcal{F} = L_{\mu_1}\), the foliation \(\mathcal{F}\) is induced by the vector field \(\sum_{k=1}^r c^k\frac{\partial}{\partial z_k}\) with \(c^k\neq 0\) for all \(j\), \item[{\(\bullet\)}] if \(T^*_\mathcal{F} = L_{\mu_j}\) with \(j\geq r+1\), the foliation \(\mathcal{F}\) is induced by the vector field \(\frac{\partial}{\partial z_j}\). \end{itemize}} \end{itemize}} The second main result of the paper is the following. Theorem 1.6. Let \(X\) be a Hopf manifold, \(\dim X\geq 3\), and \(\mathcal{F}\) be a nonsingular codimension-one distribution on \(X\) given by a morphism \(\mathcal{N}^*_\mathcal{F}=L_b\to \Omega^1_X\). Then the following holds: {\parindent=0.6cm\begin{itemize}\item[--] If \(X\) is classical, then \(b=\mu^{-m}\) with \(m\in\mathbb{N}\), \(m\geq1\), and the foliation \(\mathcal{F}\) is induced by a polynomial 1-form: \[ \omega = g_1d z_1 +\cdots+g_n d z_n, \] where the \(g_i\) are homogeneous polynomials of the same degree \(m-1\) with \(\{g_1=\cdots=g_n=0\}=\{0\}\). \item[--] If \(X\) is generic, then \(b^{-1}=\mu_j\) for some \(j\in\{1,\dots,n\}\), and the foliation \(\mathcal{F}\) is induced by the 1-form \(\omega = d z_j\). \item[--] If \(X\) is intermediary, then \(b^{-1}\in\{1,\mu_1,\mu_{r+1},\dots,\mu_n\}\), and the foliation \(\mathcal{F}\) is induced by a constant 1-form. \end{itemize}} The authors also prove results concerning singular foliations, and for example they show that all one-dimensional foliations on generic Hopf manifolds of dimension at least three are induced by monomial vector fields. Moreover they prove the following result where there is no restriction on the kind of Hopf manifold: Theorem 1.11. Let \(X\) be a Hopf manifold, \(\dim X\geq 3\), and \(\mathcal{F}\) be a holomorphic distribution of dimension or codimension one on \(X\) with \(\text{codim}(\text{Sing}(\mathcal{F}))\geq 2\). Then: {\parindent=0.6cm\begin{itemize}\item[--] if \(n=2\) then \(\text{Sing}(\mathcal{F})=\emptyset\), \item[--] if \(n\geq 3\) then either \(\text{Sing}(\mathcal{F})=\emptyset\) or \(\text{Sing}(\mathcal{F})\) has at least one component of positive codimension. \end{itemize}} The results of the paper extend results of \textit{D. Mall} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 501, 41--69 (1998; Zbl 0902.32013)] on the classification of nonsingular holomorphic foliations on Hopf surfaces, and results of \textit{É. Ghys} [Ann. Fac. Sci. Toulouse, Math. (6) 5, No. 3, 493--519 (1996; Zbl 0877.57014)].

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