Transport in the spatially tempered, fractional Fokker-Planck equation

DOI10.1088/1751-8113/45/25/255101MaRDI QIDQ2901534zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors A. Kullberg, D. del-Castillo-Negrete

Publication date 20 July 2012

Published in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1009.2083

zbMATH Keywords

integrodifferential equationsstatistical physicsclassical transport processesLévy flights

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Fractional processes, including fractional Brownian motion (60G22) Fractional partial differential equations (35R11) Stochastic methods (Fokker-Planck, Langevin, etc.) applied to problems in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C31)

Abstract: L'evy ratchets are minimal models of fluctuation-driven transport in the presence of L'evy noise and periodic external potentials with broken spatial symmetry. In these systems, a net ratchet current can appear even in the absence of time dependent perturbations, external tilting forces, or a bias in the noise. The majority of studies on the interaction of L'evy noise with external potentials have assumed $alpha$-stable L'evy statistics in the Langevin description, which in the continuum limit corresponds to the fractional Fokker-Planck equation. However, the divergence of the low order moments is a potential drawback of $alpha$-stable distributions because, in applications, the moments represent physical quantities. For example, for $alpha<1$, the current $J$, in $alpha$-stable L'evy ratchets is unbounded. To overcome this limitation, we study ratchet transport using truncated L'evy distributions which in the continuum limit correspond to the spatially tempered fractional Fokker-Planck equation. The main object of study is the dependence of the ratchet current on the level of tempering, $lambda$. For $lambdaeq0$, the statistics ultimately converges (although very slowly) to Gaussian diffusion in the absence of a potential. However, it is shown here that in the presence of a ratchet potential a finite current persists asymptotically for any finite value of $lambda$. The current converges exponentially in time to the steady state value. The steady state current exhibits algebraically decay, $Jsimlambd{a}^{-zeta}$, for $alphageq1.75$. However, for $alphaleq1.5$, the decay is exponential, $Jsim{e}^{-xilambda}$. In the presence of a bias in the L'evy noise, it is shown that the tempering can lead to a current reversal. A detailed numerical study is presented on the dependence of the current on $lambda$ and the physical parameters of the system.

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