A branching diffusion model of selection: from the neutral Wright-Fisher case to the one including mutations

zbMATH Open1411.60128arXiv1107.2504MaRDI QIDQ2909845FDOQ2909845

Authors: Thierry E. Huillet 

Publication date: 6 September 2012

Published in: International Mathematical Forum (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We consider diffusion processes x_{t} on the unit interval. Doob-transformation techniques consist of a selection of x_{t}-paths procedure. The law of the transformed process is the one of a branching diffusion system of particles, each diffusing like a new process tilde{x}_{t}, superposing an additional drift to the one of x_{t}. Killing and/or branching of tilde{x}_{t}-particles occur at some space-dependent rate lambda. For this transformed process, so in the class of branching diffusions, the question arises as to whether the particle system is sub-critical, critical or super-critical. In the first two cases, extinction occurs with probability one. We apply this circle of ideas to diffusion processes arising in population genetics. In this setup, the process x_{t} is a Wright-Fisher (WF) diffusion, either neutral or with mutations. We study a particular Doob transform which is based on the exponential function in the usual fitness parameter sigma. We have in mind that this is an alternative way to introduce selection or fitness in both WF-like diffusions, leading to branching diffusion models ideas. For this Doob-transform model of fitness, the usual selection drift sigma x(1-x) should be superposed to the one of x_{t} to form tilde{x}_{t} which is the process that can branch, binarily. In the first neutral case, there is a trade-off between branching events giving birth to new particles and absorption at the boundaries, killing the particles. Under our assumptions, the branching diffusion process gets eventually globally extinct in finite time with exponential tails. In the second case with mutations, there is a trade-off between killing events removing some particles from the system and reflection at the boundaries where the particles survive. This branching diffusion process also gets eventually globally extinct but in very long finite time with power-law tails. Our approach relies on the spectral expansion of the transition probability kernels of both x_{t} and tilde{x}_{t}.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1107.2504

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zbMATH Keywords

selectionbranchingdiffusionsWright-Fisher modelquasi-stationarityKillingDoob transformneutral or with mutation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Genetics and epigenetics (92D10) Problems related to evolution (92D15) Applications of branching processes (60J85)

Cited In (6)

• The impact of selection in the \(\Lambda\)-Wright-Fisher model
• Multiscale analysis: Fisher-Wright diffusions with rare mutations and selection, logistic branching system
• Nonconservative diffusions on \([0, 1]\) with killing and branching: applications to Wright-Fisher models with or without selection
• Wright-Fisher diffusion with negative mutation rates
• Comparison and content of the Wright-Fisher model of random genetic drift, the diffusion approximation, and an intermediate model
• Maximum likelihood estimators for a supercritical branching diffusion process

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