Estimation of CO₂ flux from targeted satellite observations: a Bayesian approach

DOI10.1088/0266-5611/30/11/114010MaRDI QIDQ2936504zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Graham Cox

Publication date 17 December 2014

Published in Inverse Problems (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1403.3306

zbMATH Keywords

carbon fluxunobservable directionvariational data assimilation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Meteorology and atmospheric physics (86A10) Inverse problems in geophysics (86A22)

Abstract: We consider the estimation of carbon dioxide flux at the ocean-atmosphere interface, given weighted averages of the mixing ratio in a vertical atmospheric column. In particular we examine the dependence of the posterior covariance on the weighting function used in taking observations, motivated by the fact that this function is instrument-dependent, hence one needs the ability to compare different weights. The estimation problem is considered using a variational data assimilation method, which is shown to admit an equivalent infinite-dimensional Bayesian formulation. The main tool in our investigation is an explicit formula for the posterior covariance in terms of the prior covariance and observation operator. Using this formula, we compare weighting functions concentrated near the surface of the earth with those concentrated near the top of the atmosphere, in terms of the resulting covariance operators. We also consider the problem of observational targeting, and ask if it is possible to reduce the covariance in a prescribed direction through an appropriate choice of weighting function. We find that this is not the case---there exist directions in which one can never gain information, regardless of the choice of weight.

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