Sub-linear root detection, and new hardness results, for sparse polynomials over finite fields

DOI10.1145/2465506.2465514MaRDI QIDQ2963217zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Jingguo Bi, Qi Cheng, J. Maurice Rojas

Publication date 10 February 2017

Published in Proceedings of the 38th International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1204.1113, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.298.3034

zbMATH Keywords

discriminantfinite fieldsNP-hardnesssolvabilityresultantsparse polynomialgcdsquare-free

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Analysis of algorithms and problem complexity (68Q25) Symbolic computation and algebraic computation (68W30) Computational difficulty of problems (lower bounds, completeness, difficulty of approximation, etc.) (68Q17) Polynomials over finite fields (11T06) Number-theoretic algorithms; complexity (11Y16)

Abstract: We present a deterministic 2^O(t)q^{(t-2)(t-1)+o(1)} algorithm to decide whether a univariate polynomial f, with exactly t monomial terms and degree <q, has a root in F_q. A corollary of our method --- the first with complexity sub-linear in q when t is fixed --- is that the nonzero roots in F_q can be partitioned into at most 2 sqrt{t-1} (q-1)^{(t-2)(t-1)} cosets of two subgroups S_1,S_2 of F^*_q, with S_1 in S_2. Another corollary is the first deterministic sub-linear algorithm for detecting common degree one factors of k-tuples of t-nomials in F_q[x] when k and t are fixed. When t is not fixed we show that each of the following problems is NP-hard with respect to BPP-reductions, even when p is prime: (1) detecting roots in F_p for f, (2) deciding whether the square of a degree one polynomial in F_p[x] divides f, (3) deciding whether the discriminant of f vanishes, (4) deciding whether the gcd of two t-nomials in F_p[x] has positive degree. Finally, we prove that if the complexity of root detection is sub-linear (in a refined sense), relative to the straight-line program encoding, then NEXP is not in P/Poly.

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