Exact classical simulation of the GHZ distribution

DOI10.4230/LIPICS.TQC.2014.7zbMATH Open1359.81052arXiv1303.5942OpenAlexW2249436641MaRDI QIDQ2969043FDOQ2969043

Authors: Gilles Brassard, Claude Gravel, Luc Devroye 

Publication date: 13 March 2017

Abstract: John Bell has shown that the correlations entailed by quantum mechanics cannot be reproduced by a classical process involving non-communicating parties. But can they be simulated with the help of bounded communication? This problem has been studied for more than two decades and it is now well understood in the case of bipartite entanglement. However, the issue was still widely open for multipartite entanglement, even for the simplest case, which is the tripartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state. We give an exact simulation of arbitrary independent von Neumann measurements on general n-partite GHZ states. Our protocol requires O(n^2) bits of expected communication between the parties, and O(n log n) expected time is sufficient to carry it out in parallel. Furthermore, we need only an expectation of O(n) independent unbiased random bits, with no need for the generation of continuous real random variables nor prior shared random variables. In the case of equatorial measurements, we improve on the prior art with a protocol that needs only O(n log n) bits of communication and O(log^2 n) parallel time. At the cost of a slight increase in the number of bits communicated, these tasks can be accomplished with a constant expected number of rounds.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1303.5942

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zbMATH Keywords

Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) statemultiparty entanglemententanglement simulationKnuth-Yao's sampling algorithmvon Neumann's rejection algorithm

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum coherence, entanglement, quantum correlations (81P40) Quantum information, communication, networks (quantum-theoretic aspects) (81P45)

Cited In (6)

• Simulating quantum correlations with finite communication
• Proposed experiment for the quantum ``guess my number protocol
• Classical protocol for simulation of spin measurement correlations of binary spin-\(S\) singlet state
• Entangled states cannot be classically simulated in generalized Bell experiments with quantum inputs
• Local deterministic simulation of equatorial von Neumann measurements on tripartite GHZ state
• Towards characterizing the non-locality of entangled quantum states

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