Emergence of spontaneous symmetry breaking in dissipative lattice systems

DOI10.1063/1.4978328zbMATH Open1362.82041arXiv1602.01108OpenAlexW2263068641WikidataQ57637190 ScholiaQ57637190MaRDI QIDQ2974652FDOQ2974652

Albert H. Werner, Michael J. Kastoryano, Jens Eisert, Henrik Wilming

Publication date: 10 April 2017

Published in: Journal of Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: A cornerstone of the theory of phase transitions is the observation that many-body systems exhibiting a spontaneous symmetry breaking in the thermodynamic limit generally show extensive fluctuations of an order parameter in large but finite systems. In this work, we introduce the dynamical analogue of such a theory. Specifically, we consider local dissipative dynamics preparing a steady-state of quantum spins on a lattice exhibiting a discrete or continuous symmetry but with extensive fluctuations in a local order parameter. We show that for all such processes satisfying detailed balance, there exist metastable symmetry-breaking states, i.e., states that become stationary in the thermodynamic limit and give a finite value to the order parameter. We give results both for discrete and continuous symmetries and explicitly show how to construct the symmetry-breaking states. Our results show in a simple way that, in large systems, local dissipative dynamics satisfying detailed balance cannot uniquely and efficiently prepare states with extensive fluctuations with respect to local operators. We discuss the implications of our results for quantum simulators and dissipative state preparation.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1602.01108

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zbMATH Keywords

phase transitionsymmetry breakingthermodynamic limit

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Symmetry breaking in quantum theory (81R40) Many-body theory; quantum Hall effect (81V70) Statistical thermodynamics (82B30) Dynamic lattice systems (kinetic Ising, etc.) and systems on graphs in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C20) Dynamic and nonequilibrium phase transitions (general) in statistical mechanics (82C26) Continuum limits in quantum field theory (81T27) Irreversible thermodynamics, including Onsager-Machlup theory (82C35)

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Cited In (9)

• Symmetry breaking and the emergence of path-dependence
• Spontaneous symmetry breaking in a non-conserving two-species driven model
• Spontaneous translation symmetry breakdown for quantum lattice systems
• Symmetry breaking through a sequence of transitions in a driven diffusive system
• Inhomogeneous to homogeneous dynamical states through symmetry breaking dynamics
• A Stronger Derived Torelli Theorem for K3 Surfaces
• Phase transitions as a manifestation of spontaneous unitarity violation
• Stationarity of quantum statistical ensembles at first-order phase transition points
• The robustness of spontaneous symmetry breaking in a bridge model

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