A characterization theorem for the L^2-discrepancy of integer points in dilated polygons

Abstract: Let

C

be a convex

d

-dimensional body. If

h o

is a large positive number, then the dilated body

h o C

contains

h o^{d} l e f t v e r t C i g h t v e r t + m a t h c a l O l e f t (h o^{d - 1} i g h t)

integer points, where

l e f t v e r t C i g h t v e r t

denotes the volume of

C

. The above error estimate

m a t h c a l O l e f t (h o^{d - 1} i g h t)

can be improved in several cases. We are interested in the

L^{2}

-discrepancy

D_{C} (h o)

of a copy of

h o C

thrown at random in

m a t h b b R^{d}

. More precisely, we consider [ D_{C}( ho):=left{ int_{mathbb{T}^{d}}int_{SO(d)}leftvert extrm{card}left( left( hosigma(C)+t ight) capmathbb{Z}^d ight) - ho^{d}leftvert C ightvert ightvert ^{2}dsigma dt ight} ^{1/2} , ] where

m a t h b b T^{d} =

m a t h b b R^{d} / m a t h b b Z^{d}

is the

d

-dimensional flat torus and

S O l e f t (d i g h t)

is the special orthogonal group of real orthogonal matrices of determinant

1

. An argument of D. Kendall shows that

D_{C} (h o) l e q c h o^{(d - 1) / 2}

. If

C

also satisfies the reverse inequality

D_{C} (h o) g e q c_{1} h o^{(d - 1) / 2}

, we say that

C

is

L^{2}

emph{-regular}. L. Parnovski and A. Sobolev proved that, if

d > 1

, a

d

-dimensional unit ball is

L^{2} %

-regular if and only if

d o t e q u i v 1 (o p e r a t o r n a m e m o d 4)

. In this paper we characterize the

L^{2}

-regular convex polygons. More precisely we prove that a convex polygon is not

L^{2}

-regular if and only if it can be inscribed in a circle and it is symmetric about the centre.

Review text

Let \(C\) be a convex \(d\)-dimensional body. If \(\rho\) is large, then \(\rho\) contains roughly \(\rho^d |C|\) integer points. The authors are interested in the \(L^2\)-average error when a copy of \(\rho C\) is randomly thrown into \(\mathbb{R}^d\); more precisely, they consider \[ D_C(\rho) = \left( \int_{\mathbb{T}^d} \int_{\mathrm{SO}(d)} \left| \# \left\{ \left(\rho \sigma(C) + t \right) \cap \mathbb{Z}^d \right\} - \rho^d |C| \right|^2 ~d\sigma dt \right)^{1/2}, \] where \(\mathbb{T}^d\) is the unit torus and \(\mathrm{SO}(d)\) is the special orthogonal group. It is known that \(D_C(\rho) \leq c \rho^{(d-1)/2}\) [\textit{D. G. Kendall}, Q. J. Math., Oxf. Ser. 19, 1--26 (1948; Zbl 0031.11201)], and \(C\) is called \(L^2\)-regular if the reverse inequality also holds. In the present paper, the authors characterize the \(L^2\)-regular convex polygons. More precisely, they prove that a polygon is not \(L^2\)-regular if and only if it can be inscribed in a circle and it is symmetric about the center. The proof makes heavy use of Fourier-analytic machinery. The authors point out that their argument is restricted to the planar case, and that the corresponding multi-dimensional problem remains open.

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