The representation ring of the unitary groups and Markov processes of algebraic origin

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2016.03.027MaRDI QIDQ304104zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 23 August 2016

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1504.01646

bilateral birth-death process dual object Feller process infinite-dimensional unitary group infinitesimal generator multivariate orthogonal polynomials representation ring

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Analysis on and representations of infinite-dimensional Lie groups (22E66) Character groups and dual objects (43A40) Analysis on other specific Lie groups (43A80) Continuous-time Markov processes on general state spaces (60J25) Transition functions, generators and resolvents (60J35)

Abstract: The paper consists of two parts. The first part introduces the representation ring for the family of compact unitary groups U(1), U(2),.... This novel object is a commutative graded algebra R with infinite-dimensional homogeneous components. It plays the role of the algebra of symmetric functions, which serves as the representation ring for the family of finite symmetric groups. The purpose of the first part is to elaborate on the basic definitions and prepare the ground for the construction of the second part of the paper. The second part deals with a family of Markov processes on the dual object to the infinite-dimensional unitary group U(infinity). These processes were defined in a joint work with Alexei Borodin (J. Funct. Anal. 2012; arXiv:1009.2029). The main result of the present paper consists in the derivation of an explicit expression for their infinitesimal generators. It is shown that the generators are implemented by certain second order partial differential operators with countably many variables, initially defined as operators on R.

Review text

Jointly with \textit{A. Borodin} the author introduced a family of Markov processes on the dual object of the infinite-dimensional unitary group \(U(\infty)\), [J. Funct. Anal. 263, No. 1, 248--303 (2012; Zbl 1260.60149)]. The main purpose of the present paper is the derivation of explicit expressions for the infinitesimal generators of these processes. In preparation, the author introduces and studies the representation ring \(\mathbb{R}\) for the family of compact unitary groups \(U(1),U(2),\dots\). It is a commutative graded algebra with infinite-dimensional homogeneous components, playing a similar role as the algebra of symmetric functions does for the family of finite symmetric groups.NEWLINENEWLINE In the second half of the paper it is then shown that the envisaged infinitesimal generators are implemented by the second-order partial differential operators with countably many variables \(\{\varphi_n:n\in\mathbb{Z}\}\) and complex parameters \(x\), \(x'\), \(w\), \(w'\), NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\mathbb{D}_{z,z',w,w'}= \sum_{nn}{\partial 2\over\partial\varphi^2_n}+ 2 \sum _{\substack{ n_1,n_2\in\mathbb{Z}\\ n_1>n_2}} A_{1n_2}{\partial^2\over \partial\varphi_{n_1} \partial\varphi_{n_2}}+ \sum_{n\in\mathbb{Z}} B_n{\partial\over \partial\varphi_n},NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where for any indices \(n_1\geq n_2\), NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\begin{multlined} A_{n_1n_2}= \sum^\infty_{p=0} (n_1-n_2+ 2p+ 1)(\varphi_{n_1+p+1}\varphi_{n_2-p}+ \varphi_{n_1+p} \varphi_{n_2-p-1})\\ -(n_1= n_2) \varphi_{n_1}\varphi_{n_2}-2\sum^\infty_{p=1} (n_1-n_2+ 2p) \varphi_{n_1+jp} \varphi_{n^2-p}\end{multlined}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE and for any \(n\in\mathbb{Z}\), NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\begin{multlined} B_n= (n+ w+ 1)(n+ w'+ 1)\varphi_{n+1}+ (n-z-1)(n-z'-1)\varphi_{n-1}\\ -((n-z)(n-z')+ (n+ w)(n+ w'))\varphi_n.\end{multlined}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE There operators are correctly defined on \(\mathbb{R}\).

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