Gruff ultrafilters

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Abstract: We investigate the question of whether mathbbQ carries an ultrafilter generated by perfect sets (such ultrafilters were called gruff ultrafilters by van Douwen). We prove that one can (consistently) obtain an affirmative answer to this question in three different ways: by assuming a certain parametrized diamond principle, from the cardinal invariant equality mathfrakd=mathfrakc, and in the Random real model. [Edit: replace "the Randor real model" with "the model obtained by adding omega1 Cohen reals to a model of mathsfCH, and subsequently forcing with the Random algebra"; this is clarified in the corrigendum attached at the end of the paper.]









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