Pure states, positive matrix polynomials and sums of Hermitian squares

DOI10.1512/IUMJ.2010.59.4107MaRDI QIDQ3074933zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Igor Klep, Markus Schweighofer

Publication date 10 February 2011

Published in Indiana University Mathematics Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0907.2260, http://www.iumj.indiana.edu/IUMJ/ABS/2010/4107

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Positive matrices and their generalizations; cones of matrices (15B48) States of selfadjoint operator algebras (46L30) Matrix equations and identities (15A24) Convex sets in topological linear spaces; Choquet theory (46A55) Matrices over function rings in one or more variables (15A54)

Abstract: Let M be an archimedean quadratic module of real t-by-t matrix polynomials in n variables, and let S be the set of all real n-tuples where each element of M is positive semidefinite. Our key finding is a natural bijection between the set of pure states of M and the cartesian product of S with the real projective (t-1)-space. This leads us to conceptual proofs of positivity certificates for matrix polynomials, including the recent seminal result of Hol and Scherer: If a symmetric matrix polynomial is positive definite on S, then it belongs to M. We also discuss what happens for non-symmetric matrix polynomials or in the absence of the archimedean assumption, and review some of the related classical results. The methods employed are both algebraic and functional analytic.

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