Abstract: Physical systems exhibiting stochastic or chaotic behavior are often amenable to treatment by random matrix models. In deciding on a good choice of model, random matrix physics is constrained and guided by symmetry considerations. The notion of 'symmetry class' (not to be confused with 'universality class') expresses the relevance of symmetries as an organizational principle. Dyson, in his 1962 paper referred to as the Threefold Way, gave the prime classification of random matrix ensembles based on a quantum mechanical setting with symmetries. In this article we review Dyson's Threefold Way from a modern perspective. We then describe a minimal extension of Dyson's setting to incorporate the physics of chiral Dirac fermions and disordered superconductors. In this minimally extended setting, where Hilbert space is replaced by Fock space equipped with the anti-unitary operation of particle-hole conjugation, symmetry classes are in one-to-one correspondence with the large families of Riemannian symmetric spaces.
Recommendations
- Symmetry classes of disordered fermions
- Random matrix ensembles associated to compact symmetric spaces
- Random matrices beyond the Cartan classification
- Complete random matrix classification of SYK models with \( \mathcal{N} = 0, 1\) and 2 supersymmetry
- Large deviations for random matrix ensembles in mesoscopic physics
Cited in
(12)- Riemannian Gaussian distributions, random matrix ensembles and diffusion kernels
- Calabi-Yau CFTs and random matrices
- Symmetry classes of disordered fermions
- Spectral decoupling in many-body quantum chaos
- Large deviations for random matrix ensembles in mesoscopic physics
- A classification of 2D random Dirac fermions
- Fluctuations of Wigner-type random matrices associated with symmetric spaces of class DIII and CI
- Topological edge states for disordered bosonic systems. With an appendix: Covariant operator families and their analysis.
- Large deviations for disordered bosons and multiple orthogonal polynomial ensembles
- Random matrices beyond the Cartan classification
- Particle-hole symmetries in condensed matter
- Determinantal expressions of certain integrals on symmetric spaces
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