Loop groups in Yang-Mills theory

Abstract: We consider the Yang-Mills equations with a matrix gauge group

G

on the de Sitter dS

_{4}

, anti-de Sitter AdS

_{4}

and Minkowski

R^{3, 1}

spaces. On all these spaces one can introduce a doubly warped metric in the form

d s^{2} = - d u^{2} + f^{2} d v^{2} + h^{2} d s_{H^{2}}^{2}

, where

f

and

h

are the functions of

u

and

d s_{H^{2}}^{2}

is the metric on the two-dimensional hyperbolic space

H^{2}

. We show that in the adiabatic limit, when the metric on

H^{2}

is scaled down, the Yang-Mills equations become the sigma-model equations describing harmonic maps from a two-dimensional manifold (dS

_{2}

, AdS

_{2}

or

R^{1, 1}

, respectively) into the based loop group

O m e g a G = C^{i} n f t y (S^{1}, G) / G

of smooth maps from the boundary circle

S^{1} = p a r t i a l H^{2}

of

H^{2}

into the gauge group

G

. From this correspondence and the implicit function theorem it follows that the moduli space of Yang-Mills theory with a gauge group

G

in four dimensions is bijective to the moduli space of two-dimensional sigma model with

O m e g a G

as the target space. The sigma-model field equations can be reduced to equations of geodesics on

O m e g a G

, solutions of which yield magnetic-type configurations of Yang-Mills fields. The group

O m e g a G

naturally acts on their moduli space.

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