Critical measures for vector energy: global structure of trajectories of quadratic differentials

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2016.08.009zbMATH Open1354.31002arXiv1509.06704OpenAlexW2186863039MaRDI QIDQ317351FDOQ317351

Andrei Martínez Finkelshtein, Guilherme L. F. Silva

Publication date: 30 September 2016

Published in: Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Saddle points of a vector logarithmic energy with a vector polynomial external field on the plane constitute the vector critical measures, a notion that finds a natural motivation in several branches of analysis. We study in depth the case of measures $vecmu=(m{u}_1,m{u}_2,m{u}_3)$ when the mutual interaction comprises both attracting and repelling forces. For arbitrary vector polynomial external fields we establish general structural results about critical measures, such as their characterization in terms of an algebraic equation solved by an appropriate combination of their Cauchy transforms, and the symmetry properties (or the S-properties) exhibited by such measures. In consequence, we conclude that vector critical measures are supported on a finite number of analytic arcs, that are trajectories of a quadratic differential globally defined on a three-sheeted Riemann surface. The complete description of the so-called critical graph for such a differential is the key to the construction of the critical measures. We illustrate these connections studying in depth for a one-parameter family of critical measures under the action of a cubic external field. This choice is motivated by the asymptotic analysis of a family of (non-hermitian) multiple orthogonal polynomials, that is subject of a forthcoming paper. Here we compute explicitly the Riemann surface and the corresponding quadratic differential, and analyze the dynamics of its critical graph as a function of the parameter, giving a detailed description of the occurring phase transitions. When projected back to the complex plane, this construction gives us the complete family of vector critical measures, that in this context turn out to be vector equilibrium measures.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1509.06704

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zbMATH Keywords

quadratic differentialscompact Riemann surfaceslogarithmic potentialvector-valued critical measures

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Compact Riemann surfaces and uniformization (30F10) Potentials and capacity, harmonic measure, extremal length and related notions in two dimensions (31A15) Differentials on Riemann surfaces (30F30)

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Cited In (9)

• The Mother Body Phase Transition in the Normal Matrix Model
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• Spectral curves, variational problems and the Hermitian matrix model with external source
• Extreme superposition: high-order fundamental rogue waves in the far-field regime
• Critical measures on higher genus Riemann surfaces
• Integral formulas for recovering extremal measures for vector constrained energy problems
• Supercritical regime for the kissing polynomials
• Do orthogonal polynomials dream of symmetric curves?
• Critical measures for vector energy: asymptotics of non-diagonal multiple orthogonal polynomials for a cubic weight

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