On some universal sums of generalized polygonal numbers

DOI10.4064/CM6742-3-2016zbMATH Open1348.11030arXiv0906.2450OpenAlexW2963930011MaRDI QIDQ3178218FDOQ3178218

Zhi-Wei Sun, Fan Ge

Publication date: 8 July 2016

Published in: Colloquium Mathematicum (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: For $m=3,4,ldots$ those $p_m(x)=(m-2)x(x-1)/2+x$ with $xinmathbbZ$ are called generalized $m$-gonal numbers. Sun [13] studied for what values of positive integers $a,b,c$ the sum $a{p}_5+b{p}_5+c{p}_5$ is universal over $mathbbZ$ (i.e., any $ninmathbbN=0,1,2,ldots$ has the form $a{p}_5(x)+b{p}_5(y)+c{p}_5(z)$ with $x,y,zinmathbbZ$). We prove that $p_5+b{p}_5+3p_5,(b=1,2,3,4,9)$ and $p_5+2p_5+6p_5$ are universal over $mathbbZ$, as conjectured by Sun. Sun also conjectured that any $ninmathbbN$ can be written as $p_3(x)+p_5(y)+p_{11}(z)$ and $3p_3(x)+p_5(y)+p_7(z)$ with $x,y,zinmathbbN$; in contrast, we show that $p_3+p_5+p_{11}$ and $3p_3+p_5+p_7$ are universal over $mathbbZ$. Our proofs are essentially elementary and hence suitable for general readers.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/0906.2450

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zbMATH Keywords

representations of integersternary quadratic formspolygonal numbers

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Other combinatorial number theory (11B75) General ternary and quaternary quadratic forms; forms of more than two variables (11E20) Goldbach-type theorems; other additive questions involving primes (11P32) Sums of squares and representations by other particular quadratic forms (11E25) Representation problems (11D85)

Cited In (12)

• Fermat's polygonal number theorem for repeated generalized polygonal numbers
• Some universal quadratic sums over the integers
• Sums of Generalized Tetrahedral Numbers
• Universal sums of three quadratic polynomials
• Weighted sums of generalized polygonal numbers with coefficients $1$ or $2$
• TIGHT UNIVERSAL SUMS OF m-GONAL NUMBERS
• Ternary universal sums of generalized polygonal numbers
• On the almost universality of $\lfloor x^2/a\rfloor +\lfloor y^2/b\rfloor +\lfloor z^2/c\rfloor $
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• On universal sums of polygonal numbers
• Conjectures of Sun about sums of polygonal numbers
• TIGHT UNIVERSAL TRIANGULAR FORMS

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