Finding a majority ball with majority answers

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Abstract: Suppose we are given a set of n balls b1,ldots,bn each colored either red or blue in some way unknown to us. To find out some information about the colors, we can query any triple of balls bi1,bi2,bi3. As an answer to such a query we obtain (the index of) a {em majority ball}, that is, a ball whose color is the same as the color of another ball from the triple. Our goal is to find a {em non-minority ball}, that is, a ball whose color occurs at least fracn2 times among the n balls. We show that the minimum number of queries needed to solve this problem is Theta(n) in the adaptive case and Theta(n3) in the non-adaptive case. We also consider some related problems.









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