Scaling invariant Lax pairs of nonlinear evolution equations
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Publication:3225849
Symbolic computation and algebraic computation (68W30) Soliton theory, asymptotic behavior of solutions of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems (37K40) Soliton equations (35Q51) Completely integrable finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems, integration methods, integrability tests (37J35) Nonlinear evolution equations (47J35) Completely integrable systems and methods of integration for problems in Hamiltonian and Lagrangian mechanics (70H06)
Abstract: A completely integrable nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) can be associated with a system of linear PDEs in an auxiliary function whose compatibility requires that the original PDE is satisfied. This associated system is called a Lax pair. Two equivalent representations are presented. The first uses a pair of differential operators which leads to a higher order linear system for the auxiliary function. The second uses a pair of matrices which leads to a first-order linear system. In this paper we present a method, which is easily implemented in Maple or Mathematica, to compute an operator Lax pair for a set of PDEs. In the operator representation, the determining equations for the Lax pair split into a set of kinematic constraints which are independent of the original equation and a set of dynamical equations which do depend on it. The kinematic constraints can be solved generically. We assume that the operators have a scaling symmetry. The dynamical equations are then reduced to a set of nonlinear algebraic equations. This approach is illustrated with well-known examples from soliton theory. In particular, it is applied to a three parameter class of fifth-order KdV-like evolution equations which includes the Lax fifth-order KdV, Sawada-Kotera and Kaup-Kuperschmidt equations. A second Lax pair was found for the Sawada--Kotera equation.
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Cited in
(17)- Lax pairs for 3D spatial problems based on the Dirac operator
- The application of differential characteristic set method to pseudo differential operator and Lax representation
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