Finite element methods for the Laplace-Beltrami operator

DOI10.1016/BS.HNA.2019.06.002MaRDI QIDQ3300074zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Andrea Bonito, Alan Demlow, Ricardo H. Nochetto

Publication date 27 July 2020

Published in Geometric Partial Differential Equations - Part I (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.02786

zbMATH Keywords

a priori and a posteriori error estimatesLaplace-Beltrami operatornarrow band finite element methodsparametric finite element methodssurface finite element methodssurface partial differential equationstrace finite element methods

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

A priori estimates in context of PDEs (35B45) Smoothness and regularity of solutions to PDEs (35B65) Laplace operator, Helmholtz equation (reduced wave equation), Poisson equation (35J05) PDEs in connection with fluid mechanics (35Q35) Elliptic equations on manifolds, general theory (58J05) Error bounds for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N15) Finite element, Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkin methods for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N30) Stokes and related (Oseen, etc.) flows (76D07)

Abstract: Partial differential equations posed on surfaces arise in a number of applications. In this survey we describe three popular finite element methods for approximating solutions to the Laplace-Beltrami problem posed on an $n$-dimensional surface $gamma$ embedded in $mathbb{R}^{n+1}$: the parametric, trace, and narrow band methods. The parametric method entails constructing an approximating polyhedral surface $Gamma$ whose faces comprise the finite element triangulation. The finite element method is then posed over the approximate surface $Gamma$ in a manner very similar to standard FEM on Euclidean domains. In the trace method it is assumed that the given surface $gamma$ is embedded in an $n+1$-dimensional domain $Omega$ which has itself been triangulated. An $n$-dimensional approximate surface $Gamma$ is then constructed roughly speaking by interpolating $gamma$ over the triangulation of $Omega$, and the finite element space over $Gamma$ consists of the trace (restriction) of a standard finite element space on $Omega$ to $Gamma$. In the narrow band method the PDE posed on the surface is extended to a triangulated $n+1$-dimensional band about $gamma$ whose width is proportional to the diameter of elements in the triangulation. In all cases we provide optimal a priori error estimates for the lowest-order finite element methods, and we also present a posteriori error estimates for the parametric and trace methods. Our presentation focuses especially on the relationship between the regularity of the surface $gamma$, which is never assumed better than of class $C^2$, the manner in which $gamma$ is represented in theory and practice, and the properties of the resulting methods.

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