BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR EINSTEIN'S FIELD EQUATIONS: MATHEMATICAL AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

DOI10.1142/S0219891605000634zbMATH Open1089.35078arXivgr-qc/0412115MaRDI QIDQ3373067FDOQ3373067

Authors: Olivier Sarbach, Manuel Tiglio 

Publication date: 13 March 2006

Published in: Journal of Hyperbolic Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Outer boundary conditions for strongly and symmetric hyperbolic formulations of 3D Einstein's field equations with a live gauge condition are discussed. The boundary conditions have the property that they ensure constraint propagation and control in a sense made precise in this article the physical degrees of freedom at the boundary. We use Fourier-Laplace transformation techniques to find necessary conditions for the well posedness of the resulting initial-boundary value problem and integrate the resulting three-dimensional nonlinear equations using a finite-differencing code. We obtain a set of constraint-preserving boundary conditions which pass a robust numerical stability test. We explicitly compare these new boundary conditions to standard, maximally dissipative ones through Brill wave evolutions. Our numerical results explicitly show that in the latter case the constraint variables, describing the violation of the constraints, do not converge to zero when resolution is increased while for the new boundary conditions, the constraint variables do decrease as resolution is increased. As an application, we inject pulses of ``gravitational radiation through the boundaries of an initially flat spacetime domain, with enough amplitude to generate strong fields and induce large curvature scalars, showing that our boundary conditions are robust enough to handle nonlinear dynamics. We expect our boundary conditions to be useful for improving the accuracy and stability of current binary black hole and binary neutron star simulations, for a successful implementation of characteristic or perturbative matching techniques, and other applications. We also discuss limitations of our approach and possible future directions.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0412115

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zbMATH Keywords

well-posednessnumerical relativityinitial-boundary value formulationLaplace techniques

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Finite difference methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M06) Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy problems) (83C05) Approximation procedures, weak fields in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C25) PDEs in connection with relativity and gravitational theory (35Q75) Computational methods for problems pertaining to relativity and gravitational theory (83-08)

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Cited In (35)

• Constraint-preserving boundary conditions in the Z4 numerical relativity formalism
• A minimization problem for the lapse and the initial-boundary value problem for Einstein's field equations
• Improved outer boundary conditions for Einstein's field equations
• Worldtube conservation laws for the null-timelike evolution problem
• Boundary conditions for constrained hyperbolic systems of partial differential equations
• Outer boundary conditions for Einstein's field equations in harmonic coordinates
• Colliding Black Holes and Gravitational Waves
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• Implementation of higher-order absorbing boundary conditions for the Einstein equations
• Boundary conditions for hyperbolic formulations of the Einstein equations
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