New branching rules induced by plethysm

DOI10.1088/0305-4470/39/11/006zbMATH Open1092.05073arXivmath-ph/0505037OpenAlexW2023955538MaRDI QIDQ3379374FDOQ3379374

Authors: Bertfried Fauser, Peter D Jarvis, Ronald C. King, B. G. Wybourne 

Publication date: 6 April 2006

Published in: Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We derive group branching laws for formal characters of subgroups $H_{p}i$ of GL(n) leaving invariant an arbitrary tensor $T^{p}i$ of Young symmetry type $pi$ where $pi$ is an integer partition. The branchings $GL(n)downarrowGL(n-1)$, $GL(n)downarrowO(n)$ and $GL(2n)downarrowSp(2n)$ fixing a vector $v_i$, a symmetric tensor $g_{ij}=g_{ji}$ and an antisymmetric tensor $f_{ij}=-f_{ji}$, respectively, are obtained as special cases. All new branchings are governed by Schur function series obtained from plethysms of the Schur function $s_{p}iequivpi$ by the basic $M$ series of complete symmetric functions and the $L=M^{-1}$ series of elementary symmetric functions. Our main technical tool is that of Hopf algebras, and our main result is the derivation of a coproduct for any Schur function series obtained by plethysm from another such series. Therefrom one easily obtains $pi$-generalized Newell-Littlewood formulae, and the algebra of the formal group characters of these subgroups is established. Concrete examples and extensive tabulations are displayed for $H_{1^3}$, $H_{21}$, and $H_3$, showing their involved and nontrivial representation theory. The nature of the subgroups is shown to be in general affine, and in some instances non reductive. We discuss the complexity of the coproduct formula and give a graphical notation to cope with it. We also discuss the way in which the group branching laws can be reinterpreted as twisted structures deformed by highly nontrivial 2-cocycles. The algebra of subgroup characters is identified as a cliffordization of the algebra of symmetric functions for GL(n) formal characters. Modification rules are beyond the scope of the present paper, but are briefly discussed.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/math-ph/0505037

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zbMATH Keywords

partitionsHopf algebrasSchur functionsplethysmsformal group characters

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Symmetric functions and generalizations (05E05) Classical groups (11E57) Cohomology theory for linear algebraic groups (20G10)

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