Equivalence of equilibrium propagation and recurrent backpropagation

DOI10.1162/NECO_A_01160MaRDI QIDQ3379592zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Benjamin Scellier, Yoshua Bengio

Publication date 27 September 2021

Published in Neural Computation (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.08416

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Learning and adaptive systems in artificial intelligence (68T05) Neural networks for/in biological studies, artificial life and related topics (92B20)

Abstract: Recurrent Backpropagation and Equilibrium Propagation are supervised learning algorithms for fixed point recurrent neural networks which differ in their second phase. In the first phase, both algorithms converge to a fixed point which corresponds to the configuration where the prediction is made. In the second phase, Equilibrium Propagation relaxes to another nearby fixed point corresponding to smaller prediction error, whereas Recurrent Backpropagation uses a side network to compute error derivatives iteratively. In this work we establish a close connection between these two algorithms. We show that, at every moment in the second phase, the temporal derivatives of the neural activities in Equilibrium Propagation are equal to the error derivatives computed iteratively by Recurrent Backpropagation in the side network. This work shows that it is not required to have a side network for the computation of error derivatives, and supports the hypothesis that, in biological neural networks, temporal derivatives of neural activities may code for error signals.

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Cites work

• Absolute stability of global pattern formation and parallel memory storage by competitive neural networks
• Neurons with graded response have collective computational properties like those of two-state neurons

Cited in

(5)

• Equivalence of Backpropagation and Contrastive Hebbian Learning in a Layered Network
• STDP-compatible approximation of backpropagation in an energy-based model
• Flexible working memory through selective gating and attentional tagging
• Predictive coding approximates backprop along arbitrary computation graphs
• Supervised learning through physical changes in a mechanical system

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