Self-assembly of geometric space from random graphs

DOI10.1088/1361-6382/AB1C7DMaRDI QIDQ3380452zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Christy Kelly, Fabio Biancalana, Carlo A. Trugenberger

Publication date 28 September 2021

Published in Classical and Quantum Gravity (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.09870

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Random graphs (graph-theoretic aspects) (05C80) Discrete version of topics in analysis (39A12) Methods of global Riemannian geometry, including PDE methods; curvature restrictions (53C21) Phase transitions (general) in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B26) Quantization of the gravitational field (83C45) Classical dynamic and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics (general) (82C05) Transport processes in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C70) Euclidean rings and generalizations (13F07) Discrete Morse theory and related ideas in manifold topology (57Q70)

Abstract: We present a Euclidean quantum gravity model in which random graphs dynamically self-assemble into discrete manifold structures. Concretely, we consider a statistical model driven by a discretisation of the Euclidean Einstein-Hilbert action; contrary to previous approaches based on simplicial complexes and Regge calculus our discretisation is based on the Ollivier curvature, a coarse analogue of the manifold Ricci curvature defined for generic graphs. The Ollivier curvature is generally difficult to evaluate due to its definition in terms of optimal transport theory, but we present a new exact expression for the Ollivier curvature in a wide class of relevant graphs purely in terms of the numbers of short cycles at an edge. This result should be of independent intrinsic interest to network theorists. Action minimising configurations prove to be cubic complexes up to defects; there are indications that such defects are dynamically suppressed in the macroscopic limit. Closer examination of a defect free model shows that certain classical configurations have a geometric interpretation and discretely approximate vacuum solutions to the Euclidean Einstein-Hilbert action. Working in a configuration space where the geometric configurations are stable vacua of the theory, we obtain direct numerical evidence for the existence of a continuous phase transition; this makes the model a UV completion of Euclidean Einstein gravity. Notably, this phase transition implies an area-law for the entropy of emerging geometric space. Certain vacua of the theory can be interpreted as baby universes; we find that these configurations appear as stable vacua in a mean field approximation of our model, but are excluded dynamically whenever the action is exact indicating the dynamical stability of geometric space. The model is intended as a setting for subsequent studies of emergent time mechanisms.

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Cited in

(13)

• Robust Self-assembly of Graphs
• Space as a low-temperature regime of graphs
• Emergence of the circle in a statistical model of random cubic graphs
• Emergent Einstein Universe under Deconstruction: Self-Consistent Geometry Induced in Theory Space
• Effective de Sitter space, quantum behaviour and large-scale spectral dimension \((3+1)\)
• Topological network entanglement as order parameter for the emergence of geometry
• Robust self-assembly of graphs
• Building flat space-time from information exchange between quantum fluctuations
• A flow in the forest
• The birth of geometry in exponential random graphs
• Combinatorial quantum gravity: geometry from random bits
• Complex quantum networks: a topical review
• Emergent time, cosmological constant and boundary dimension at infinity in combinatorial quantum gravity

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