Effective field theory out of equilibrium: Brownian quantum fields

DOI10.1088/1367-2630/17/6/063017zbMATH Open1452.82007arXiv1503.00156OpenAlexW2096776205MaRDI QIDQ3387804FDOQ3387804

Authors: Daniel Boyanovsky 

Publication date: 13 January 2021

Published in: New Journal of Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The emergence of an effective field theory out of equilibrium is studied in the case in which a light field --the system-- interacts with very heavy fields in a finite temperature bath. We obtain the reduced density matrix for the light field, its time evolution is determined by an effective action that includes the emph{influence action} from correlations of the heavy degrees of freedom. The non-equilibrium effective field theory yields a Langevin equation of motion for the light field in terms of dissipative and noise kernels that obey a generalized fluctuation dissipation relation. These are completely determined by the spectral density of the bath which is analyzed in detail for several cases. At $T=0$ we elucidate the effect of thresholds in the renormalization aspects and the asymptotic emergence of a local effective field theory with unitary time evolution. At $Teq0$ new "anomalous" thresholds arise, in particular the emph{decay} of the environmental heavy fields into the light field leads to emph{dissipative} dynamics of the light field. Even when the heavy bath particles are thermally suppressed this dissipative contribution leads to the emph{thermalization} of the light field which is confirmed by a quantum kinetics analysis. We obtain the quantum master equation and show explicitly that its solution in the field basis is precisely the influence action that determines the effective non-equilibrium field theory. The Lindblad form of the quantum master equation features emph{time dependent dissipative coefficients}. Their time dependence is crucial to extract renormalization effects at asymptotically long time. The dynamics from the quantum master equation is in complete agreement with that of the effective action, Langevin dynamics and quantum kinetics, thus providing a unified framework to effective field theory out of equilibrium.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.00156

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zbMATH Keywords

thermalizationnon-equilibriumeffective field theory

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum dynamics and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics (general) (82C10) Effective quantum field theories (81T12)

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Cited In (18)

• Dynamics of phase transitions induced by a heat bath
• Effective field theory of time-translational symmetry breaking in nonequilibrium open system
• Effective action for cosmological scalar fields at finite temperature
• A fluctuation-dissipation relationship-preserving field theory for interacting Brownian particles: one-loop theory and mode coupling theory
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• Features of the primordial universe in \(f(R)\)-gravity as viewed in the Jordan frame
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• Universal signature of quantum entanglement across cosmological distances
• Probing out-of-time-order correlators
• Cosmological trans-Planckian conjectures are not effective
• Cosmic decoherence: primordial power spectra and non-Gaussianities

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