From least action in electrodynamics to magnetomechanical energy—a review

DOI10.1088/0143-0807/30/3/009MaRDI QIDQ3393575zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Hanno Essén

Publication date 27 August 2009

Published in European Journal of Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0901.3217

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to optics and electromagnetic theory (78-02) General topics in optics and electromagnetic theory (78Axx)

Abstract: The equations of motion for electromechanical systems are traced back to the fundamental Lagrangian of particles and electromagnetic fields, via the Darwin Lagrangian. When dissipative forces can be neglected the systems are conservative and one can study them in a Hamiltonian formalism. The central concepts of generalized capacitance and inductance coefficients are introduced and explained. The problem of gauge independence of self-inductance is considered. Our main interest is in magnetomechanics, i.e. the study of systems where there is exchange between mechanical and magnetic energy. This throws light on the concept of magnetic energy, which according to the literature has confusing and peculiar properties. We apply the theory to a few simple examples: the extension of a circular current loop, the force between parallel wires, interacting circular current loops, and the rail gun. These show that the Hamiltonian, phase space, form of magnetic energy has the usual property that an equilibrium configuration corresponds to an energy minimum.

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• An exact formula for electromagnetic momentum in terms of the charge density and the Coulomb gauge vector potential
• Mathematical model of permanent magnets and superconducting coils
• Magnetic energy in quasistatic systems
• On a tendency of the magnetic field to maximise its energy

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