Solitons and the removal of eigenvalues for fourth-order differential operators

Authors

Abstract: A non-linear functional

Q [u, v]

is given that governs the loss, respectively gain, of (doubly degenerate) eigenvalues of fourth order differential operators

L = p a r t i a l^{4} + p a r t i a l u p a r t i a l + v

on the line. Apart from factorizing

L

as

A^{*} A + E_{0}

, providing several explicit examples, and deriving various relations between

u

,

v

and eigenfunctions of

L

, we find

u

and

v

such that

L

is isospectral to the free operator

L_{0} = p a r t i a l^{4}

up to one (multiplicity 2) eigenvalue

E_{0} < 0

. Not unexpectedly, this choice of

u

,

v

leads to exact solutions of the corresponding time-dependent PDE's.

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