Notes on quadratic integers and real quadratic number fields

Abstract: It is shown that when a real quadratic integer

x i

of fixed norm

m u

is considered, the fundamental unit

v a r e p s i l o n_{d}

of the field

m a t h b b Q (x i) = m a t h b b Q (s q r t d)

satisfies

l o g v a r e p s i l o n_{d} g g (l o g d)^{2}

almost always. An easy construction of a more general set containing all the radicands

d

of such fields is given via quadratic sequences, and the efficiency of this substitution is estimated explicitly. When

m u = - 1

, the construction gives all

d

's for which the negative Pell's equation

X^{2} - d Y^{2} = - 1

(or more generally

X^{2} - D Y^{2} = - 4

) is soluble. When

m u

is a prime, it gives all of the real quadratic fields in which the prime ideals lying over

m u

are principal.

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