Approximate representations, approximate homomorphisms, and low-dimensional embeddings of groups

DOI10.1137/140958578MaRDI QIDQ3453573zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Cristopher Moore, Alexander Russell

Publication date 27 November 2015

Published in SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1009.6230

zbMATH Keywords

stability theoryadditive combinatoricsquasirandom groupshomomorphism testinglow-dimensional embeddings

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Combinatorial aspects of representation theory (05E10)

Abstract: Approximate algebraic structures play a defining role in arithmetic combinatorics and have found remarkable applications to basic questions in number theory and pseudorandomness. Here we study approximate representations of finite groups: functions f:G -> U_d such that Pr[f(xy) = f(x) f(y)] is large, or more generally Exp_{x,y} ||f(xy) - f(x)f(y)||^2$ is small, where x and y are uniformly random elements of the group G and U_d denotes the unitary group of degree d. We bound these quantities in terms of the ratio d / d_min where d_min is the dimension of the smallest nontrivial representation of G. As an application, we bound the extent to which a function f : G -> H can be an approximate homomorphism where H is another finite group. We show that if H's representations are significantly smaller than G's, no such f can be much more homomorphic than a random function. We interpret these results as showing that if G is quasirandom, that is, if d_min is large, then G cannot be embedded in a small number of dimensions, or in a less-quasirandom group, without significant distortion of G's multiplicative structure. We also prove that our bounds are tight by showing that minors of genuine representations and their polar decompositions are essentially optimal approximate representations.

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