Uncertainty inequalities for the Heisenberg group

Nontrigonometric harmonic analysis involving wavelets and other special systems (42C40) (L^p)-spaces and other function spaces on groups, semigroups, etc. (43A15)

Review text

Let \(H^n\) denote the Heisenberg group, which is a nilpotent Lie group of step two whose underlying manifold is \(\mathbb{C}^n\times\mathbb{R}\) equipped with the group law \[ (z,t)\left(z',t'\right)=\left(z+z',t+t'+\frac12\operatorname{Im}z\bar{z'}\right). \] The norm of \((z,t)\in H^n\) is given by \(|(z,t)|:=(|z|^4+|t|^2)^{1/4}\). Let \(\mathcal{L}\) be the Heisenberg sub-Laplacian operator, which is defined as \[ \mathcal{L}=-\sum_{j=1}^n\left(X_j^2+Y_j^2\right), \] where \(X_j=\frac{\partial}{\partial x_j}-\frac12y_j\frac{\partial} {\partial t}\) and \(Y_j=\frac{\partial}{\partial y_j}-\frac12x_j\frac{\partial}{\partial t}.\) For a function \(f\in L^1(H^n)\), its group Fourier transform \(\widehat{f}\) is defined to be the operator-valued function \[ \widehat f(\lambda):=\int_{H^n}f(z,t)\pi_\lambda(z,t)\,dz\,dt, \] where \(\pi_\lambda(z,t)\) (\(z:=x+iy\) \(\lambda\in\mathbb{R}^\ast :=\mathbb{R}\setminus\{0\}\)) is the Schrödinger representations acted on \(\varphi\in L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)\) by \[ \pi_\lambda(z,t)\varphi(\xi):=e^{i\lambda t}e^{i\lambda(x\xi+\frac12xy)} \varphi(\xi+y). \] Denote by \(P_\alpha(\alpha\in\mathbb{N}^n)\) the projection from \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)\) to the one-dimensional subspace spanned by \(\Phi_\alpha\), where \(\Phi_\alpha\) stands for the normalized Hermite functions on \(\mathbb{R}^n\). Then, for \(\sigma=+\) or \(-\), the space \(H_\alpha^\sigma\) is defined as \[ H_\alpha^\sigma:=\{f\in L^2(H^n):\widehat f(\lambda)=\widehat f(\lambda)P_\alpha \text{ and }\widehat f(\lambda)=0 \text{ if }\lambda\notin\mathbb{R}^\sigma\}. \] Let \(AW_\alpha^\sigma\) be the collection of functions \(\phi\in H_\alpha^\sigma\) which is nonzero and satisfies \[ C_\phi:=\int_{\mathbb{R}^\ast}\frac{\|\widehat\phi(\lambda)\|_{HS}^2} {|\lambda|}\,d\lambda<\infty. \] Given a function \(f\in H_\alpha^\sigma\), the continuous wavelet transform of \(f\) with respect to \(\phi\) is defined by \[ W_\phi f(z,t,\rho):=\langle f,U(z,t,\rho)\phi\rangle, \] where \[ U(z,t,\rho)\phi(z',t'):=\rho^{-(n+1)/2}\phi\left(\frac{z'-z}{\sqrt\rho}, \frac{t'-t-\frac12\operatorname{Im}z\bar{z'}}{\rho}\right). \] In this paper, the authors prove that, for \(f\in L^2{H^n}\), \(a,b>0\), \[ \|f\|_2^2\leq C\left[\int_{H^n}|(z,t)|^{2a}|f(z,t)|^2\,dz\,dt\right]^{\frac{b}{a+b}} \left[\int_{H^n}|\mathcal{L}^{b/2}f(z,t)|^2\,dz\,dt\right]^{\frac{a}{a+b}}, \] where \(C\) is a positive constant. As an application, the authors deduce an uncertainty inequality for the continuous wavelet transform on the Heisenberg group. The inequality states that, for \(f\in H_\alpha^\sigma\), \(\phi\in AW_\alpha^\sigma\) and \(a,b>0\), \[ \|f\|_2^2\leq C\left[\int_0^\infty\int_{H^n}|(z,t)|^{2a} |W_\phi f(z,t)|^2\frac{\,dz\,dt\,d\rho}{\rho^{n+2}}\right]^{\frac{b}{a+b}} \left[\int_{H^n}|\mathcal{L}^{b/2}f(z,t)|^2\,dz\,dt\right]^{\frac{a}{a+b}}, \] where \(C\) is a positive constant.

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