Tunnel Effect for Kramers-Fokker-Planck Type Operators: Return to Equilibrium and Applications

DOI10.1093/IMRN/RNN057MaRDI QIDQ3515940zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors F. Hérau, Michael Hitrik, Johannes Sjöstrand

Publication date 30 July 2008

Published in IMRN. International Mathematics Research Notices (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0801.3615

zbMATH Keywords

Fokker-Planck equationheat semigrouphypoellipticityMorse functionsemiclassical limitreturn to equilibriumWitten LaplacianKramers equation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Estimates of eigenvalues in context of PDEs (35P15) Hypoelliptic equations (35H10) Asymptotic distributions of eigenvalues in context of PDEs (35P20) Irreversible thermodynamics, including Onsager-Machlup theory (82B35)

Abstract: In the first part of this work, we consider second order supersymmetric differential operators in the semiclassical limit, including the Kramers-Fokker-Planck operator, such that the exponent of the associated Maxwellian $phi$ is a Morse function with two local minima and one saddle point. Under suitable additional assumptions of dynamical nature, we establish the long time convergence to the equilibrium for the associated heat semigroup, with the rate given by the first non-vanishing, exponentially small, eigenvalue. In the second part of the paper, we consider the case when the function $phi$ has precisely one local minimum and one saddle point. We also discuss further examples of supersymmetric operators, including the Witten Laplacian and the infinitesimal generator for the time evolution of a chain of classical anharmonic oscillators.

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