Idempotent functors that preserve cofiber sequences and split suspensions

Abstract: We show that an

f

-localization functor

L_{f}

commutes with cofiber sequences of

(N - 1)

-connected finite complexes if and only if its restriction to the collection of

(N - 1)

-connected finite complexes is

R

-localization for some unital subring

R s s e q m a t h b b Q

. This leads to a homotopy-theoretical characterization of the rationalization functor: the restriction of

L_{f}

to simply-connected spaces (not just the finite complexes) is rationalization if and only if

L_{f} (S^{2})

is nontrivial and simply-connected,

L_{f}

preserves cofiber sequences of simply-connected finite complexes, and for each simply-connected finite complex

K

,

s^{k} L_{f} (K)

splits as a wedge of copies of

L_{f} (S^{n})

for large enough

k

and various values of

n

.

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