Rational solutions of the discrete time Toda lattice and the alternate discrete Painlevé II equation

DOI10.1088/1751-8113/41/48/485203zbMATH Open1152.37027arXiv0807.3731OpenAlexW3098030270MaRDI QIDQ3548672FDOQ3548672

Authors: A. K. Common, Andrew Hone 

Publication date: 16 December 2008

Published in: Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The Yablonskii-Vorob'ev polynomials $y_n(t)$, which are defined by a second order bilinear differential-difference equation, provide rational solutions of the Toda lattice. They are also polynomial tau-functions for the rational solutions of the second Painlev'{e} equation ($P_{II}$). Here we define two-variable polynomials $Y_n(t,h)$ on a lattice with spacing $h$, by considering rational solutions of the discrete time Toda lattice as introduced by Suris. These polynomials are shown to have many properties that are analogous to those of the Yablonskii-Vorob'ev polynomials, to which they reduce when $h=0$. They also provide rational solutions for a particular discretisation of $P_{II}$, namely the so called {it alternate discrete} $P_{II}$, and this connection leads to an expression in terms of the Umemura polynomials for the third Painlev'{e} equation ($P_{III}$). It is shown that B"{a}cklund transformation for the alternate discrete Painlev'{e} equation is a symplectic map, and the shift in time is also symplectic. Finally we present a Lax pair for the alternate discrete $P_{II}$, which recovers Jimbo and Miwa's Lax pair for $P_{II}$ in the continuum limit $ho0$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/0807.3731

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zbMATH Keywords

Lax pairsymplectic mapYablonskii-Vorob'ev polynomialsparticular discretizationBäcklund transformation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10)

Cited In (1)

• A constructive proof for the Umemura polynomials of the third Painlevé equation

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