General relativistic MHD jets

DOI10.1007/978-3-540-76937-8_10MaRDI QIDQ3574409zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Julian H. Krolik, John F. Hawley

Publication date 9 July 2010

Published in The Jet Paradigm (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0909.2580

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Magnetohydrodynamics and electrohydrodynamics (76W05) Quantum hydrodynamics and relativistic hydrodynamics (76Y05) Einstein-Maxwell equations (83C22) Black holes (83C57) Hydrodynamic and hydromagnetic problems in astronomy and astrophysics (85A30)

Abstract: Magnetic fields connecting the immediate environs of rotating black holes to large distances appear to be the most promising mechanism for launching relativistic jets, an idea first developed by Blandford and Znajek in the mid-1970s. To enable an understanding of this process, we provide a brief introduction to dynamics and electromagnetism in the spacetime near black holes. We then present a brief summary of the classical Blandford-Znajek mechanism and its conceptual foundations. Recently, it has become possible to study these effects in much greater detail using numerical simulation. After discussing which aspects of the problem can be handled well by numerical means and which aspects remain beyond the grasp of such methods, we summarize their results so far. Simulations have confirmed that processes akin to the classical Blandford-Znajek mechanism can launch powerful electromagnetically-dominated jets, and have shown how the jet luminosity can be related to black hole spin and concurrent accretion rate. However, they have also shown that the luminosity and variability of jets can depend strongly on magnetic field geometry. We close with a discussion of several important open questions.

Recommendations

• Energy extraction from black holes
• Robustness of the Blandford–Znajek mechanism
• General relativistic MHD simulations of black hole accretion disks and jets
• Stationary relativistic magnetic jets from black holes
• Energy Extraction from Spinning Black Holes Via Relativistic Jets

Cites work

• Black holes. The membrane paradigm
• Black-hole electrodynamics: an absolute-space/universal-time formulation*
• MHD simulations of the magnetorotational instability in a shearing box with zero net flux
• The \(\nabla \cdot B=0\) constraint in shock-capturing magnetohydrodynamics codes

Cited in

(16)

• Stationary relativistic magnetic jets from black holes
• General relativistic MHD simulations of black hole accretion disks and jets
• MHD model of astrophysical jets
• Jets from spinning black holes in active galactic nuclei
• Black holes and magnetic fields
• Jets in active galactic nuclei
• Energy extraction from black holes
• The spectrum of electromagnetic jets from Kerr black holes and naked singularities in the Teukolsky perturbation theory
• Magnetic fields around black holes
• Magnetically driven superluminal motion from rotating black holes
• Launching of jety by cold, magnetized disks in Kerr metric
• Nonthermal processes in black hole-jet magnetospheres
• On magnetic self-collimation of relativistic jets
• Efficient acceleration of relativistic magnetohydrodynamic jets
• Relativistic jets from accretion disks
• Electromagnetic excitations of rotating black holes and relativistic jets

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