A classification of spanning surfaces for alternating links
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Publication:357722
Abstract: A classification of spanning surfaces for alternating links is provided up to genus, orientability, and a new invariant that we call aggregate slope. That is, given an alternating link, we determine all possible combinations of genus, orientability, and aggregate slope that a surface spanning that link can have. To this end, we describe a straightforward algorithm, much like Seifert's Algorithm, through which to construct certain spanning surfaces called layered surfaces. A particularly important subset of these will be what we call basic layered surfaces. We can alter these surface by performing the entirely local operations of adding handles and/or crosscaps, each of which increases genus. The main result then shows that if we are given an alternating projection P(L) and a surface S spanning L, we can construct a surface T spanning L with the same genus, orientability, and aggregate slope as S that is a basic layered surface with respect to P, except perhaps at a collection of added crosscaps and/or handles. Furthermore, S must be connected if L is non-splittable. This result has several useful corollaries. In particular, it allows for the determination of nonorientable genus for alternating links. It also can be used to show that mutancy of alternating links preserves nonorientable genus. And it allows one to prove that there are knots that have a pair of minimal nonorientable genus spanning surfaces, one boundary-incompressible and one boundary-compressible.
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Cited in
(18)- Alternating links have representativity 2
- Crosscap number of knots and volume bounds
- Crosscap number and knot projections
- Constructing crosscap number two surfaces from low-complexity handcuff graphs
- A characterisation of alternating knot exteriors
- Crosscap numbers and the Jones polynomial
- State invariants of 2-bridge knots
- Crosscap number and epimorphisms of two-bridge knot groups
- Crosscap numbers of alternating knots via unknotting splices
- Classification of the incompressible spanning surfaces for prime knots of 10 or less crossings
- Geometry of biperiodic alternating links
- Raising crosscap number while lowering unknotting number
- Links with alternating diagrams on closed surfaces of positive genus
- Crosscap number three alternating knots
- An application of non-positively curved cubings of alternating links
- An elementary proof that all spanning surfaces of a link are tube-equivalent
- Crosscap numbers of a family of Montesinos knots
- A lower bound of crosscap numbers of alternating knots
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