Catalan Moments

zbMATH Open1203.11030arXiv1102.4089MaRDI QIDQ3581815FDOQ3581815

Publication date: 2 September 2010

Abstract: This paper is essentially devoted to the study of some interesting relations among the well known operators

I^{(x)}

(the interpolated Invert),

L^{(x)}

(the interpolated Binomial) and Revert (that we call

e t a

). We prove that

I^{(x)}

and

L^{(x)}

are conjugated in the group

U p s i l o n (R)

. Here

R

is a commutative unitary ring. In the same group we see that

e t a

transforms

I^{(x)}

in

L^{(- x)}

by conjugation. These facts are proved as corollaries of much more general results. Then we carefully analyze the action of these operators on the set

m c R

of second order linear recurrent sequences. While

I^{(x)}

and

L^{(x)}

transform

m c R

in itself,

e t a

sends

m c R

in the set of moment sequences

m u_{n} (h, k)

of particular families of orthogonal polynomials, whose weight functions are explicitly computed. The moments come out to be generalized Motzkin numbers (if

R = z z

, the Motzkin numbers are

m u_{n} (- 1, 1)

). We give several interesting expressions of

m u_{n} (h, k)

in closed forms, and one recurrence relation. There is a fundamental sequence of moments, that generates all the other ones,

m u_{n} (0, k)

. These moments are strongly related with Catalan numbers. This fact allows us to find, in the final part, a new identity on Catalan numbers by using orthogonality relations.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1102.4089

zbMATH Keywords

Catalan numbers

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Other combinatorial number theory (11B75)

Cited In (2)

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