A symmetry breaking mechanism for selecting the speed of relativistic solitons

DOI10.1088/1751-8113/40/29/022MaRDI QIDQ3594692zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Roberto De Leo, Giuseppe Gaeta, Mariano Cadoni

Publication date 9 August 2007

Published in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0702213

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Soliton equations (35Q51) Lasers, masers, optical bistability, nonlinear optics (78A60) Symmetry breaking in quantum theory (81R40) Electromagnetic interaction; quantum electrodynamics (81V10) Statistical mechanics of semiconductors (82D37)

Abstract: We propose a mechanism for fixing the velocity of relativistic soliton based on the breaking of the Lorentz symmetry of the sine-Gordon (SG) model. The proposal is first elaborated for a molecular chain model, as the simple pendulum limit of a double pendulums chain. It is then generalized to a full class of two-dimensional field theories of the sine-Gordon type. From a phenomenological point of view, the mechanism allows one to select the speed of a SG soliton just by tuning elastic couplings constants and kinematical parameters. From a fundamental, field-theoretical point of view we show that the characterizing features of relativistic SG solitons (existence of conserved topological charges and stability) may be still preserved even if the Lorentz symmetry is broken and a soliton of a given speed is selected.

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