Parastrophic invariance of Smarandache quasigroups

Publication date 10 February 2009

Abstract: Every quasigroup

(L, c d o t)

belongs to a set of 6 quasigroups, called parastrophes denoted by

(L, p i_{i})

,

i i n 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

. It is shown that

(L, p i_{i})

is a Smarandache quasigroup with associative subquasigroup

(S, p i_{i}) f o r a l l i i n 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

if and only if for any of some four

j i n 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

,

(S, p i_{j})

is an isotope of

(S, p i_{i})

or

(S, p i_{k})

for one

k i n 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

such that

i e j e k

. Hence,

(L, p i_{i})

is a Smarandache quasigroup with associative subquasigroup

(S, p i_{i}) f o r a l l i i n 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

if and only if any of the six Khalil conditions is true for any of some four of

(S, p i_{i})

.

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