On bounds for solutions of monotonic first-order difference-differential systems

DOI10.1186/1029-242X-2012-65MaRDI QIDQ371016zbMATH OpenWikidataFDO

Authors Javier Segura

Publication date 20 September 2013

Published in Journal of Inequalities and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1110.0870

zbMATH Keywords

Riccati equationmonotonic difference-differential systemsspecial function boundsthree-term recurrence relationzeros of orthogonal polynomialsTurán-type inequalities

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Linear ordinary differential equations and systems (34A30) Growth and boundedness of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34C11)

Abstract: Many special functions are solutions of first order linear systems ${y_n}^{\prime }(x)=a_n(x)y_n(x)+d_n(x)y_{n-1}(x)$, $y_{n^{\prime }-1}(x)=b_n(x)y_{n-1}(x)+e_n(x)y_n(x)$. We obtain bounds for the ratios $y_n(x)/y_{n-1}(x)$ and the logarithmic derivatives of $y_n(x)$ for solutions of monotonic systems satisfying certain initial conditions. For the case $d_n(x)e_n(x)>0$, sequences of upper and lower bounds can be obtained by iterating the recurrence relation; for minimal solutions of the recurrence these are convergent sequences. The bounds are related to the Liouville-Green approximation for the associated second order ODEs as well as to the asymptotic behavior of the associated three-term recurrence relation as $nightarrow+infty$; the bounds are sharp both as a function of $n$ and $x$. Many special functions are amenable to this analysis, and we give several examples of application: modified Bessel functions, parabolic cylinder functions, Legendre functions of imaginary variable and Laguerre functions. New Tur'an-type inequalities are established from the function ratio bounds. Bounds for monotonic systems with $d_n(x)e_n(x)<0$ are also given, in particular for Hermite and Laguerre polynomials of real positive variable; in that case the bounds can be used for bounding the monotonic region (and then the extreme zeros).

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Cited in

(9)

• Turán type inequalities for Tricomi confluent hypergeometric functions
• Uniform (very) sharp bounds for ratios of parabolic cylinder functions
• Bounds for modified Struve functions of the first kind and their ratios
• A new type of sharp bounds for ratios of modified Bessel functions
• Universal bounds and monotonicity properties of ratios of Hermite and parabolic cylinder functions
• Bounds for modified Lommel functions of the first kind and their ratios
• Family of integrable bounds for the logarithmic derivative of Kummer's function
• On bounds for monotonic first order differential systems and the Liouville-Green approximation
• On bounds for Kummer's function ratio

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