Kernels of asymmetric Toeplitz operators and applications to almost periodic factorization
Boundary value problems in the complex plane (30E25) Corona theorems (30H80) Classical almost periodic functions, mean periodic functions (42A75) Factorization theory (including Wiener-Hopf and spectral factorizations) of linear operators (47A68) Toeplitz operators, Hankel operators, Wiener-Hopf operators (47B35)
The existence of an AP factorization of a matrix function \(G\) is closely related to the study of some properties of the solutions of a Riemann-Hilbert problem \[ G\psi_+=\psi_-,\tag{1} \] where the vector functions \(\psi_\pm\) are analytic in the upper and lower half-plane \({\mathbb C}^\pm\), respectively. The relation between these two problems is considered in this paper, namely, when \(G\) is a lower triangular \(2\times 2\) matrix with \(e_{-\lambda}\) and \(e_{\tilde\lambda}\) on the diagonal and \(g\) is a Wiener almost periodic (APW) function in the corner. Here \(e_\alpha\) means the exponential function \(e^{i\alpha\xi}\) and \(\lambda, \tilde\lambda\) are non-negative real numbers. It is shown that determining solutions \(\psi_\pm\) of (1), when \(G\) is of the mentioned form, is equivalent to describing the kernel of the asymmetric Toeplitz operator \[ T_g^{\lambda,\tilde\lambda}:P_{[0,\lambda]}APW\longrightarrow P_{(0,\tilde\lambda)}APW, \] which is defined by \[ T_g^{\lambda, \tilde\lambda}\phi=P_{(0, \tilde\lambda)}(g\phi) \] for every \(\phi\in P_{[0,\lambda]}APW\). A complete description of kernels of asymmetric Toeplitz operators \(T_g^{\lambda, \tilde\lambda}\) for different functions \(g\) is also considered and used to study several classes of matrix functions of the above mentioned form with \(\lambda=\tilde\lambda\). For these cases, necessary and sufficient factorability conditions are established and explicit formulas for the partial indices and factors are also obtained, whenever the factorization exists.
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