There is no triangulation of the torus with vertex degrees 5, 6, , 6, 7 and related results: geometric proofs for combinatorial theorems

DOI10.1007/S10711-012-9782-5zbMATH Open1275.05015arXiv1207.3605OpenAlexW2120259233MaRDI QIDQ376287FDOQ376287

Authors: Ivan Izmestiev, Robert B. Kusner, Günter Rote, John M. Sullivan, Boris A. Springborn 

Publication date: 4 November 2013

Published in: Geometriae Dedicata (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: There is no 5,7-triangulation of the torus, that is, no triangulation with exactly two exceptional vertices, of degree 5 and 7. Similarly, there is no 3,5-quadrangulation. The vertices of a 2,4-hexangulation of the torus cannot be bicolored. Similar statements hold for 4,8-triangulations and 2,6-quadrangulations. We prove these results, of which the first two are known and the others seem to be new, as corollaries of a theorem on the holonomy group of a euclidean cone metric on the torus with just two cone points. We provide two proofs of this theorem: One argument is metric in nature, the other relies on the induced conformal structure and proceeds by invoking the residue theorem. Similar methods can be used to prove a theorem of Dress on infinite triangulations of the plane with exactly two irregular vertices. The non-existence results for torus decompositions provide infinite families of graphs which cannot be embedded in the torus.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.3605

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zbMATH Keywords

holonomyresidue theoremBurgers vectorEuclidean cone metricmeromorphic differentialtorus triangulation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Planar graphs; geometric and topological aspects of graph theory (05C10) Combinatorial aspects of tessellation and tiling problems (05B45) General geometric structures on low-dimensional manifolds (57M50) Compact Riemann surfaces and uniformization (30F10)

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Cited In (4)

• Why cross fields are not equivalent to quadrilateral meshes
• Almost-regular dessins d'enfant on a torus and sphere
• The Hurwitz existence problem for surface branched covers
• Developing fractal curves

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