Riemann surfaces and the geometrization of 3-manifolds
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Publication:4020137
Riemann surface3-manifoldamenablegeometrizationquasiconformal mappingdilatationskinning mapTeichmüller space
Fuchsian groups and their generalizations (group-theoretic aspects) (20H10) Teichmüller theory for Riemann surfaces (30F60) Moduli of Riemann surfaces, Teichmüller theory (complex-analytic aspects in several variables) (32G15) General geometric structures on low-dimensional manifolds (57M50) Extremal problems for conformal and quasiconformal mappings, other methods (30C75)
Abstract: About a decade ago Thurston proved that a vast collection of 3-manifolds carry metrics of constant negative curvature. These manifolds are thus elements of {em hyperbolic geometry}, as natural as Euclid's regular polyhedra. For a closed manifold, Mostow rigidity assures that a hyperbolic structure is unique when it exists, so topology and geometry mesh harmoniously in dimension 3. This remarkable theorem applies to all 3-manifolds, which can be built up in an inductive way from 3-balls, i.e., {em Haken} manifolds. Thurston's construction of a hyperbolic structure is also inductive. At the inductive step one must find the right geometry on an open 3-manifold so that its ends may be glued together. Using quasiconformal deformations, the gluing problem can be formulated as a fixed-point problem for a map of Teichm"uller space to itself. Thurston proposes to find the fixed point by {em iterating} this map. Here we outline Thurston's construction and sketch a new proof that the iteration converges. Our argument rests on a result entirely in the theory of Riemann surfaces: an extremal quasiconformal mapping can be relaxed (isotoped to a map of lesser dilatation) when lifted to a sufficiently large covering space (e.g., the universal cover). This contraction gives an immediate estimate for the contraction of Thurston's iteration.
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