Zhang-Kawazumi invariants and superstring amplitudes

DOI10.1016/J.JNT.2014.03.021zbMATH Open1298.81260arXiv1308.4597OpenAlexW2963550518MaRDI QIDQ404328FDOQ404328

Authors: Eric D'Hoker, Michael B. Green 

Publication date: 4 September 2014

Published in: Journal of Number Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Invariance of Type IIB superstring theory under SL(2,Z) or S-duality implies dependence on the complex coupling T through real and complex modular forms in T. Their structure may be understood explicitly in an expansion of superstring corrections to Einstein's equations of gravity, in powers of derivatives D and curvature R. The perturbative loop expansion in the string coupling for the 4-string amplitude governs corrections of the form D^{2p} R^4 for all p. We show that, at two-loop order, the D^6 R^4 term is proportional to the integral of a modular invariant introduced by Zhang and Kawazumi in number theory and related to the Faltings delta-invariant studied for genus-two by Bost. The structure of two-loop superstring amplitudes for p>3 leads to higher invariants, which generalize Zhang--Kawazumi invariants at genus two. An explicit formula is derived for the unique higher invariant associated with order D^8 R^4. In an attempt to compare the prediction for the D^6 R^4 correction from superstring perturbation theory with the one produced by S-duality and supersymmetry of Type IIB, various reformulations of the invariant are given. This comparison with string theory leads to a predicted value for the integral of the Zhang-Kawazumi invariant over the moduli space of genus-two surfaces.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1308.4597

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zbMATH Keywords

dualityEisenstein seriesmodular invariantsuperstringFaltings invariantgenus two

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Modular and automorphic functions (11F03) Applications of global differential geometry to the sciences (53C80) Perturbative methods of renormalization applied to problems in quantum field theory (81T15) String and superstring theories; other extended objects (e.g., branes) in quantum field theory (81T30) Supersymmetric field theories in quantum mechanics (81T60)

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Cited In (40)

• The number theory of superstring amplitudes
• The genus two free boson in Arakelov geometry
• Modular forms and SL(2, $\mathbb{Z}$)-covariance of type IIB superstring theory
• Tropical amplitudes
• Closed superstring amplitudes, single-valued multiple zeta values and the Deligne associator
• Infrared divergences and harmonic anomalies in the two-loop superstring effective action
• Proof of a modular relation between 1-, 2- and 3-loop Feynman diagrams on a torus
• Supergravity limit of genus two modular graph functions in the worldline formalism
• Tetrahedral modular graph functions
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• Eigenvalue equation for genus two modular graphs
• Two loop superstring amplitudes and \(S_6\) representations
• Genus-zero and genus-one string amplitudes and special multiple zeta values
• Higher genus modular graph functions, string invariants, and their exact asymptotics
• A theta lift representation for the Kawazumi-Zhang and Faltings invariants of genus-two Riemann surfaces
• Type IIB \(R^4H^{4g-4}\) conjectures
• All-order differential equations for one-loop closed-string integrals and modular graph forms
• Generating series of all modular graph forms from iterated Eisenstein integrals
• Two-loop superstring five-point amplitudes. II: Low energy expansion and S-duality
• Exploring transcendentality in superstring amplitudes
• String theory integrands and supergravity divergences
• On the modular structure of the genus-one type II superstring low energy expansion
• Exact \(\nabla^{4}\mathcal{R}^{4}\) couplings and helicity supertraces
• The SAGEX review on scattering amplitudes Chapter 10: Selected topics on modular covariance of type IIB string amplitudes and their N=4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills duals
• Two-loop superstring five-point amplitudes. I: Construction via chiral splitting and pure spinors
• Integrating simple genus two string invariants over moduli space
• Relations between elliptic modular graphs
• Poisson equation for genus two string invariants: a conjecture
• Construction of \(\text{SL}(2,\mathbb{Z})\)-invariant amplitudes in type IIB superstring theory.
• The closed-string 3-loop amplitude and S-duality
• Two-loop Yang-Mills diagrams from superstring amplitudes
• Basis decompositions and a Mathematica package for modular graph forms
• Explicit modular invariant two-loop superstring amplitude relevant for \(R^4\)
• \(D^6 R^4\) curvature corrections, modular graph functions and Poincaré series
• Closed strings as single-valued open strings: a genus-zero derivation
• Two-loop scattering amplitudes from ambitwistor strings: from genus two to the nodal Riemann sphere
• Tree-level amplitudes from the pure spinor superstring
• Heterotic-string amplitudes at one loop: modular graph forms and relations to open strings
• From elliptic multiple zeta values to modular graph functions: open and closed strings at one loop

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