Surface-links represented by 4-charts and quandle cocycle invariants. II.

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2011.11.015MaRDI QIDQ409562zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Masahide Iwakiri

Publication date 13 April 2012

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.topol.2011.11.015

zbMATH Keywords

\(3\)-coloring\(m\)-chartbraid indexquandle cocycleribbon \(2\)-knotsurface braidsurface linktwist spun knot

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Homology and cohomology theories in algebraic topology (55N99) Embeddings and immersions in PL-topology (57Q35)

Review text

Surface knots and links in \(4\)-space can be investigated by surface braids, in a way comparable to the methods of classical knot theory. It is known that the surface braid index, decreased by \(2\), is subadditive for non-trivial surface knots. Also, infinitely many ribbon surface knots with arbitrary braid index have been found before. The present work constructs an infinite family of non-ribbon surface knots, homeomorphic to \(2\)-spheres, with braid index \(5\). The examples are sums of a twist spun trefoil knot and a spun torus knot.

Recommendations

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Cites work

• A characterization of groups of closed orientable surfaces in 4-space
• A NOTE ON THE SHADOW COCYCLE INVARIANT OF A KNOT WITH A BASE POINT
• AN OBSERVATION OF SURFACE BRAIDS VIA CHART DESCRIPTION
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1774899 (Why is no real title available?)
• Infinite sequences of mutually non-conjugate surface braids representing same surface-links
• Quandle cohomology and state-sum invariants of knotted curves and surfaces
• Some calculations of cohomology groups of finite Alexander quandles
• Surface-links represented by 4-charts and quandle cocycle invariants. II.
• SURFACES IN R⁴ OF BRAID INDEX THREE ARE RIBBON
• The braid index is not additive for the connected sum of 2-knots
• The braid index of surface-knots and quandle colorings
• Triple point cancelling numbers of surface links and quandle cocycle invariants

Cited in

(16)

• Surface-links with square-type ch-graphs
• The lower bound of the w-indices of non-ribbon surface-links
• Examples of knots without minimal string Bennequin surfaces
• Chord index for knots in thickened surfaces
• The braid index of surface-knots and quandle colorings
• A certain linear representation of the classical braid group and its application to surface braids
• The lower bound of the w-indices of surface links via quandle cocycle invariants
• SURFACES IN R⁴ OF BRAID INDEX THREE ARE RIBBON
• Surface-links represented by 4-charts and quandle cocycle invariants. II.
• A universal ribbon surface in $B^{4}$
• Showing distinctness of surface links by taking 2-dimensional braids
• Banded surfaces, banded links, band indices and genera of links
• Surface links which are coverings over the standard torus
• THE SPUN TREFOIL NEEDS FOUR BROKEN SHEETS
• Computation of the knot symmetric quandle and its application to the plat index of surface-links
• Braiding link cobordisms and non-ribbon surfaces

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