Modular properties of nodal curves on K3 surfaces

Formal methods and deformations in algebraic geometry (14D15) Families, moduli of curves (algebraic) (14H10) (K3) surfaces and Enriques surfaces (14J28)

Abstract: In this paper we partially address two issues: - The first is a rigidity property for pairs (S,C) consisting of a general projective K3 surface S, and a curve C obtained as the normalization of a nodal, hyperplane section of S. We prove that a non-trivial deformation of such a pair (S,C) induces a non-trivial deformation of C; - The second question concerns the Wahl map of curves C as above. We prove that the Wahl map of the normalization of a nodal curve contained in a general projective K3 surface is non-surjective. In both cases, we impose upper bounds on the number of nodes of the hyperplane section.

Review text

The geometry of smooth curves on \(K3\) surfaces is the subject of several papers by \textit{S. Mukai}, who showed in [in: Algebraic geometry and commutative algebra, in Honor of Masayoshi Nagata, Vol. I, 357--377 (1988; Zbl 0701.14044)] that a general curve of genus \(g\geq 9\) or genus \(g=11\) can be embedded in a \(K3\) surface. This result was generalized to nodal curves on \(K3\) surfaces by \textit{F. Flamini, A. L. Knutsen, G. Pacienza} and \textit{E. Sernesi} [Commun. Algebra 36, No. 11, 3955--3971 (2008; Zbl 1187.14030)]. For curves of genus \(g=11\) or \(g\geq 13\), \textit{S. Mukai} [Lond. Math. Soc. Lect. Note Ser. 179, 255--263 (1992; Zbl 0774.14037)] proved that the forgetful map from the moduli space of pairs \((S,C)\) where \(S\) is a projective \(K3\) surface of sectional genus \(g\) and \(C\) is a smooth hyperplane section of \(S\) to the moduli space \(\mathcal{M}_g\) of smooth genus \(g\) curves is generically finite onto its image. The paper under review establishes an analogous result for pairs \((S,C)\) where the curve \(C\) is the desingularization of a curve on \(S\) with geometric genus \(g\) and a prescribed number of nodes. Furthermore, it is proved that the Wahl map for such curves \(C\) is not surjective, generalizing the result for smooth curves on \(K3\) surfaces in [\textit{J. M. Wahl}, Duke Math. J. 55, 843--871 (1987; Zbl 0644.14001)].

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