Roots multiplicity and square-free factorization of polynomials using companion matrices

Abstract: Given an arbitrary monic polynomial

f

over a field

F

of characteristic 0, we use companion matrices to construct a polynomial

M_{f} i n F [X]

of minimum degree such that for each root

a l p h a

of

f

in the algebraic closure of

F

,

M_{f} (a l p h a)

is equal to the multiplicity

m (a l p h a)

of

a l p h a

as a root of

f

. As an application of

M_{f}

we give a new method to compute in

F [X]

each component of the square-free factorization

f = P_{1} P_{2}^{2} c d o t s P_{m}^{m}

, where

P_{k}

is the product of all

X - a l p h a

with

m (a l p h a) = k

, for

k = 1, d o t s, m = m a x m (a l p h a)

.

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