Flops, Type III contractions and Gromov-Witten invariants on Calabi-Yau threefolds

Rational and birational maps (14E05) Calabi-Yau manifolds (algebro-geometric aspects) (14J32) Gromov-Witten invariants, quantum cohomology, Gopakumar-Vafa invariants, Donaldson-Thomas invariants (algebro-geometric aspects) (14N35)

Abstract: We investigate Gromov-Witten invariants associated to exceptional classes for primitive birational contractions on a Calabi-Yau threefold X. It was observed in a previous paper that these invariants are locally defined, in that they can be calculated from knowledge of an open neighbourhood of the exceptional locus of the contraction; in this paper, we make this explicit. For Type I contractions (i.e. only finitely many exceptional curves), a method is given for calculating the Gromov-Witten invariants, and these in turn yield explicit expressions for the changes in the cubic form

D^{3}

and the linear form

D . c_{2}

under the corresponding flop. For Type III contractions (when a divisor E is contracted to a smooth curve C of singularities), there are only two relevant Gromov-Witten numbers n(1) and n(2). Here n(2) is the number (suitably defined) of simple pseudo-holomorphic rational curves representing the class of a fibre of E over C, and n(1) the number of simple curves representing half this class. Explicit formulae for n(1) and n(2) are given (n(1) in terms of the singular fibres of E over C and n(2)=2g(C)-2). An easy proof of these formulae is provided when g(C)>0. The main part of the paper then gives a proof valid in general (including the case g(C)=0).

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