On the affine homogeneity of algebraic hypersurfaces arising from Gorenstein algebras

Special types (Cohen-Macaulay, Gorenstein, Buchsbaum, etc.) (13H10) Group actions on affine varieties (14R20) Real submanifolds in complex manifolds (32V40)

Abstract: To every Gorenstein algebra

A

of finite dimension greater than 1 over a field

B b b F

of characteristic zero, and a projection

p i

on its maximal ideal

m a t h f r a k m

with range equal to the annihilator

h b o x A n n (m a t h f r a k m)

of

m a t h f r a k m

, one can associate a certain algebraic hypersurface

S_{p i} s u b s e t m a t h f r a k m

. Such hypersurfaces possess remarkable properties. They can be used, for instance, to help decide whether two given Gorenstein algebras are isomorphic, which for

B b b F = B b b C

leads to interesting consequences in singularity theory. Also, for

B b b F = B b b R

such hypersurfaces naturally arise in CR-geometry. Applications of these hypersurfaces to problems in algebra and geometry are particularly striking when the hypersurfaces are affine homogeneous. In the present paper we establish a criterion for the affine homogeneity of

S_{p i}

. This condition requires the automorphism group

h b o x A u t (m a t h f r a k m)

of

m a t h f r a k m

to act transitively on the set of hyperplanes in

m a t h f r a k m

complementary to

h b o x A n n (m a t h f r a k m)

. As a consequence of this result we obtain the affine homogeneity of

S_{p i}

under the assumption that the algebra

A

is graded.

Review text

The authors consider a Gorenstein algebra \(A\) of finite vector space dimension greater than one over a field \(\mathbb{F}\) of characteristic zero. Let \(m\) be the maximal ideal of \(A\). A linear projection \(\pi\) on \(m\) is called admissible if its range is \(\text{Ann}(m):=\{ u\in m\,|\,u\cdot m=0\}\). Let \(K:=\text{ker}(\pi)\) and consider the exponential map NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \text{exp}\,:\,m\rightarrow 1+m\,\,\,\,\text{exp}(u)=1+\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{k!}u^k. NEWLINE\]NEWLINE By Nakayama's Lemma the maximal ideal \(m\) of \(A\) is a nilpotent algebra and hence \(\text{exp}\) is a polynomial transformation. It is bijective with inverse (polynomial as well): NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \log(1+u)=\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{k+1}}{k}u^k,\,\,\,u\in mNEWLINE\]NEWLINE Let \(Q'_{\pi}=\{u\in m\,|\,\pi(2u+u^2)=0\}=\{u\in m\,|\,2u+u^2\in K\}\), and set \(S_{\pi}=\log(Q'_{\pi})\subset m\). Then \(S_{\pi}\) is an algebraic hypersurface in \(m\) passing through the origin. The hypersurface \(S_{\pi}\) depends on the admissible projection \(pi\), but the affine homogeneity property of \(S_{\pi}\) does not. Since this property lies in the heart of the paper the authors fix \(\pi\) once and for all. Let \(\text{Aff}(m)\) be the group of all the bijective affine transformations of \(m\). Then for any \(S\subset m\) the authors denote \(\text{Aff}(S):=\{f\in \text{Aff}(m)\,|\,f(S)=S\}\). The hypersurface \(S_{\pi}\) is affine homogeneous if and only if the group \(\text{Aff}(S_{\pi})\) acts transitively on \(S_{\pi}\). The first main result of the paper is:NEWLINENEWLINE{Theorem 2.2: The group \(\text{Aff}(S_{\pi})\) acts transitively on \(S_{\pi}\) if and only if the action of \(\text{Aut}(m)\) on the subset \(\mathbb{T}\) of the Grassmannian \(G\) of all the hyperplanes in \(m\) complementary to \(\text{Ann}(m)\) is a transitive action. }NEWLINENEWLINE An algebra \(A\) for which \(\text{Aut}(m)\) acts transitively on \(\mathbb{T}\) is said to have the property (P). Then comes the second main result:NEWLINENEWLINE{ Theorem 2.4: Every graded Gorenstein algebra has the property (P).}NEWLINENEWLINEThat implies the following:NEWLINENEWLINE{ Corollary 2.5: If the Gorenstein algebra \(A\) is graded, then \(S_{\pi}\) is affine homogeneous.}NEWLINENEWLINENote that the paper extends some results on Gorenstein algebras over \(\mathbb{F}=\mathbb{C}\) (and sometimes \(\mathbb{R}\)) to an arbitrary field of characteristic zero.

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